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Abstract
Multiracial neighborhood integration has become more common in U.S. metropolitan areas over the past three decades. This article takes up the question: are residents satisfied living in multiracial neighborhoods? Traditional theories of racial change predict low levels of satisfaction in these neighborhoods, while newer studies question that prediction. The article uses data representing all residents of multiracial neighborhoods in the Washington, DC, area to study neighborhood satisfaction in multiracial neighborhoods. The analysis finds evidence of shared satisfaction among residents regardless of race: large and equal shares of each racial group were satisfied. White residents were less satisfied than white residents of neighborhoods elsewhere in the metropolitan region, but were unlikely to perceive neighborhood decline. The shared satisfaction among residents of all races and the lack of racial antipathy to change among white residents suggests that multiracial neighborhoods offer sites to promote racial equity.

While scholars argue that redevelopment and gentrification result in large part from the unique preferences of middle–class residents moving to neighborhoods after decades of flight, almost all of this evidence is extrapolated from the behavior of residents already living in redeveloped neighborhoods. I argue that understanding the consequences of redevelopment, particularly urban policies advocating redevelopment, requires measuring the preferences for redeveloped neighborhoods among the broader metropolitan population. Using data from a representative sample of Chicago metropolitan area adults, I find that homeowners and renters differ in their patterns of preferences for redeveloped neighborhoods: city or suburban residence is more important for homeowners while race is a much stronger factor among renters. This reassessment of preference patterns highlights the potential for redevelopment policies to fall short of intended goals to attract investment and alleviate racial segregation.

We argue that the relative persistence of racial segregation is due, at least in part, to the process of residential search and the perceptions upon which those searches are based—a critical but often-ignored component of the residential sorting process. We examine where Chicago-area residents would "seriously consider" and "never consider" living, finding that community attraction and avoidance are highly racialized. Race most clearly shapes the residential perceptions and preferences of whites, and matters the least to blacks. Latinos would seriously consider moving to numerous neighborhoods, but controls for demographics and distance from the respondents' home make Latino preferences much like those of whites. Critically, the geography of existing segregation begets further segregation: distance from current community significantly affects perceptions of the communities into which respondents might move. While neighborhood perception may cause persistent segregation, it may also offer hope for integration with appropriate policy interventions.

Accurately measuring attributes in neighborhood environments allows researchers to study the influence of neighborhoods on individual-level outcomes. Researchers working to improve the measurement of neighborhood attributes generally advocate doing so in one of two ways: improving the theoretical relevance of measures and correctly defining the appropriate spatial scale. The data required by the first, "ecometric" neighborhood assessments on a sample of neighborhoods, are generally incompatible with the methods of the second, which tend to rely on population data. In this article, the authors describe how ecometric measures of theoretically relevant attributes observed on a sample of city blocks can be combined with a geostatistical method known as kriging to develop city block–level estimates across a city that can be configured to multiple neighborhood definitions. Using a cross-validation study with data from a 2002 systematic social observation of physical disorder on 1,663 city blocks in Chicago, the authors show that this method creates valid results. They then demonstrate, using neighborhood measures aggregated to three different spatial scales, that residents' perceptions of both fear and neighborhood disorder vary substantially across different spatial scales.

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Bader leitet die Arbeitsgruppe "Hautresorption" der Ständigen Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (MAK-Kommission). Für die Bewertung der gesundheitlichen Gefährdung durch die dermale Aufnahme von Gefahrstoffen am Arbeitsplatz betrachtet die Arbeitsgruppe den aktuellen Kenntnisstand und empfiehlt auf der Basis festgelegter Verfahren und toxikologischer Kriterien gegebenenfalls eine sogenannte "H"-Markierung. Diese Markierung wird nicht nur in der MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste der MAK-Kommission explizit ausgewiesen, sondern findet auch Eingang in die Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 900 (Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte). Sie stellt damit eine wichtige stoffbezogene Zusatzinformation für den Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz dar. Im folgenden Interview erklärt Prof. Bader die wesentlichen Kriterien für die Vergabe der "H"-Markierung und ihre Bedeutung für die arbeitsmedizinische Praxis.

Despite consensus that neighborhoods influence children's outcomes, we know less about the mechanisms that cause neighborhood inequality and produce those outcomes. Existing research overlooks how social networks develop among people at similar points in the life course through repeated interactions in neighborhoods. Existing studies do not illuminate the ways in which these geographically based networks can influence life–altering decisions. In this article, we use qualitative interviews with White, middle–class parents in gentrifying neighborhoods in a large Northeastern city to examine how parents decided where to send their children to kindergarten. Parents reported relying heavily on information that they received from their network of other neighborhood parents whom they had befriended on the playground or at daycare in the course of their daily child–rearing routines. The daily routines of child rearing led to rich and important social networks. But tensions also emerged among parents as they made different decisions about where to send their children to kindergarten. By focusing on how life course stages affect how people use space and interact in neighborhood spaces, we can better understand how neighborhood spaces shape the decision–making process of school choice.

Introduction – Transnational Law and Advocacy around Labour and Human Rights Litigation -- Part 1: The Ali Enterprises Factory Fire and its aftermath – Litigations, campaigning and transnational collaboration -- Loss and Legibility – A conversation with Saeeda Khatoon -- Legal Interventions and Transnational Alliances in the Ali Enterprises Case - Struggles for Workers' Rights in Global Supply Chains -- Paradoxes of Strategic Labour Rights Litigation: Insights from the Baldia Factory Fire Litigation -- After the Ali Enterprises fire: Occupational safety and health and workers' organising – A conversation with Zehra Khan about current and future struggles -- Pakistan's "Industrial 9/11" – Transnational rights-based activism in the garment industry and creating space for future global struggles -- The Land of Mourning – A conversation with Adeela Suleman -- Four against KiK – A conversation with Caspar Dohmen -- Part 2: Labour and Tort Law Aspects of Global Supply Chains -- The Rana Plaza collapse and the case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands -- Trade Union Approaches to Global Value Chains – The Indonesian Experience -- Transnational labour law? "Corporate social responsibility" and the Law -- Tort Law and Human Rights. – Part 3: Critical Perspectives on Law and Litigation -- Confined Employment: Exploring Labor Marginalization in Workplace Safety -- The KiK case: A critical perspective from the South -- From Strategic Litigation to Juridical Action -- Toward a Strategic Engagement with the Question of the Corporation: A Critique of Business and Human Rights. .

This open access book documents and analyses the various interventions – legal, political, and even artistic – that followed the Ali Enterprises factory fire in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2012. It illuminates the different substantive and procedural aspects of the legal proceedings and negotiations between the various local and transnational actors implicated in the Ali Enterprises fire, as well as the legal and policy reforms sparked by the incident. This endeavour serves to embed these legal cases and reform efforts in the larger context of human and labour rights protection and global value chain governance. It also offers a concrete case study relevant for ongoing debates around the role of transnational approaches in making human rights litigation, advocacy, and law reform more effective. In this regard, the book interrogates and critically reflects on such legal campaigns and local and transnational reform work with a view to future transformative legal and social activism.

Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) can be used to investigate exposure to hazardous substances after short-term exposure or accidental events. The comparison with occupational and environmental medical assessment values allows an evaluation of hazardous substance intake and reliable risk communication.
This presentation describes the results of a biomonitoring program after an operation of a professional fire brigade on a chemical site triggered by a container reaction with fire and leakage of acrylonitrile. After the operation and on the following day, urine samples of the firefighters were collected for HBM. The samples were analyzed for the acrylonitrile metabolite cyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA, limit of determination: 1 µg/L).
In total, 55 samples (urinary creatinine 0.3 – 3.0 g/L) were collected and categorized into "operation day" (n = 38) and "following day" (n = 17). Further subdivision was made into non-smokers' and smokers' samples. On operation day, CEMA concentrations above the reference value (15 µg/g creatinine, Biological Reference Value, MAK Commission) were found in 32 % of the non-smokers' samples (max. 357 µg/g creatinine). The maximum CEMA concentration was 648 µg/g creatinine, found in a smoker's sample. Highest CEMA concentrations occurred in connection with the post-operation "fire watch". Following-day samples showed a decrease in acrylonitrile exposure in both non-smokers and smokers.
Based on the HBM results, low to moderate exposure to acrylonitrile during the operation can be assumed. In non-smokers, CEMA concentrations at the level of typical acrylonitrile exposures of tobacco smokers were observed. Special attention should be paid to the exposure protection during fire watches.