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The idea of European identity and multilingualism, especially of a European public sphere – of media-sustained imaginary spaces where all of the diversities and commonalities of multicultural Europe are expressed and celebrated – is an appealing and thought-provoking concept and one that continuously attracts the attention of scholars, policy-makers, writers, journalists, and artists from all over Europe. At the same time, in spite of their popularity, multifaceted nature, and inclusivity, many of these debates lack optimism. Discussions often lead to the conclusion that a common arena for cultural exchange and inspiring debates, maintained and preserved by the conventional mass media, simply does not exist. It does not exist as a common public sphere where differing points of view could be presented, and which would enable the emergence of a mutual discourse rich in diverse interpretations – of a space which would stimulate the imagination of Europe as an experience. Therefore, the goal of the research perspective "European Public Sphere – politics, communication, discourse" is to find commonalities and intersections among those very diverse fields of europenization studies ranging from journalism, communication studies and identity issues, to regional studies, comparative politics and international relations. At the same time, this research perspective seeks to address new questions and includes these into the comparative research agenda. It looks into changes and. [to full text]

The idea of European identity and multilingualism, especially of a European public sphere – of media-sustained imaginary spaces where all of the diversities and commonalities of multicultural Europe are expressed and celebrated – is an appealing and thought-provoking concept and one that continuously attracts the attention of scholars, policy-makers, writers, journalists, and artists from all over Europe. At the same time, in spite of their popularity, multifaceted nature, and inclusivity, many of these debates lack optimism. Discussions often lead to the conclusion that a common arena for cultural exchange and inspiring debates, maintained and preserved by the conventional mass media, simply does not exist. It does not exist as a common public sphere where differing points of view could be presented, and which would enable the emergence of a mutual discourse rich in diverse interpretations – of a space which would stimulate the imagination of Europe as an experience. Therefore, the goal of the research perspective "European Public Sphere – politics, communication, discourse" is to find commonalities and intersections among those very diverse fields of europenization studies ranging from journalism, communication studies and identity issues, to regional studies, comparative politics and international relations. At the same time, this research perspective seeks to address new questions and includes these into the comparative research agenda. It looks into changes and. [to full text]

In the context of media developments world-wide including convergence of media system, journalism homogenization, diversification of political communication, it is important to understand how these processes will affect (trans)formation of the European public sphere. There has been no European news agenda across media in Europe so far, except for rare cases when European Union becomes an issue of top importance across Europe. Most often these are sensational events, crises or official meetings of the EU representatives. On the other hand, journalists are confronted with their audience, which is poorly informed and has inadequate knowledge about the EU. The aim of the article is to reassess the major challenges of European social imaginary by addressing key measures to be taken to communicate Europe effectively.

Preface to a special issue of "Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas" that contains a number of original papers presented at the international conference "European Public Spheres, Civil Society and Civic Mass Media", organized by Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas in April 2007.

In the context of media developments world-wide including convergence of media system, journalism homogenization, diversification of political communication, it is important to understand how these processes will affect (trans)formation of the European public sphere. There has been no European news agenda across media in Europe so far, except for rare cases when European Union becomes an issue of top importance across Europe. Most often these are sensational events, crises or official meetings of the EU representatives. On the other hand, journalists are confronted with their audience, which is poorly informed and has inadequate knowledge about the EU. The aim of the article is to reassess the major challenges of European social imaginary by addressing key measures to be taken to communicate Europe effectively. ; Žiniasklaidos sistemų konvergencijos, žurnalistikos kultūrų homogenizacijos, politinės komunikacijos priemonių, formų ir turinio įvairovės kontekste svarbu suvokti, kaip visi šie procesai paveiks Europos viešosios erdvės (trans)formacijas. Deja, kol kas nėra susiformavusios europinių naujienų darbotvarkės, todėl galime stebėti tik pavienius atvejus, kuomet ES tampa žiniasklaidos priemonių tema Europos mastu. Šiais atvejais naujienų šaltiniais tampa sensacingi įvykiai, krizės, oficialūs ES atstovų susitikimai. Kita vertus, žurnalistai orientuojasi į auditorijos poreikius, neišsamias jos žinias apie ES. Straipsnyje siekiama įvertinti svarbiausius Europos kaip naujo socialinio vaizdinio ypatumus, aptarti esamas ir potencialias problemas, įvar­dyti priemones, kurias galima panaudoti veiksmingiau perduodant informaciją apie Europos aktualijas.

The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a research tool designed to identify potential risks to media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union and in candidate countries. This narrative report has been produced on the basis of the implementation of the MPM carried out in 2020. The implementation was conducted in 27 EU Member States, as well as in Albania, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey. This project, under a preparatory action of the European Parliament, was supported by a grant awarded by the European Commission to the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) at the European University Institute. The CMPF partners with experienced, independent national researchers to carry out the data collection and author the narrative reports, except in the case of Italy where data collection is carried out centrally by the CMPF team. The research is based on a standardised questionnaire developed by the CMPF. In Lithuania the CMPF partnered with Aukse Balcytiene, Kristina Juraite and Ignas Kalpokas (Vytautas Magnus University), Deimantas Jastramskis (Vilnius University), who conducted the data collection, scored and commented on the variables in the questionnaire and interviewed experts. The report was reviewed by the CMPF staff. Moreover, to ensure accurate and reliable findings, a group of national experts in each country reviewed the answers to particularly evaluative questions (see Annexe II for the list of experts). For a list of selected countries, the final country report was peer-reviewed by an independent country expert. Risks to media pluralism are examined in four main thematic areas: Fundamental Protection, Market Plurality, Political Independence and Social Inclusiveness. The results are based on the assessment of a number of indicators for each thematic area ; Viešosios komunikacijos katedra ; Vilniaus Universitetas ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

Abstract
This article assesses online newspapers in Europe from a media evolutionary perspective, ten years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. Comparing print and online front pages of 51 newspapers in 14 countries in 2003, we argue that online newspapers complement print newspapers in modest ways. Online, publishers put more emphasis on service information, offer additional news items, that nonetheless report on similar topics in similar ways, and add personal interactivity, content selectivity and real-time news to the print news offering.
One subset of online newspapers charges for services, and offers more content and personal interactivity. Another, partly overlapping subset offers more original news; in a short and anonymous format. Overall, however, online newspapers in Europe make up a heterogeneous group, suggesting that online newspapers still have to find their definite form and role in the European news market.