Suchergebnisse

Hauptbeschreibung: Ausgehend von der Auseinandersetzung mit den historischen Positionen ihrer Zeit, ging das Bestreben Hegels und Droysens dahin, eine Systematik geschichtswissenschaftlicher Grundbestimmungen zu erarbeiten, welche selbst nicht erneut der Vergänglichkeit ausgeliefert ist. Beide wenden sich kritisch gegen die mit dem Namen Leopold von Ranke identifizierte Auffassung, die Wissenschaft von der Geschichte sei in der Lage, 'die Geschichte' auf dem Wege des Quellenstudiums rekonstruieren zu können. Hegel und Droysen sind demgegenüber bereits der Auffassung, daß erst eine bestimmte Frag

Background As in other areas, digitalization and new technologies become increasingly relevant for physiotherapy. However, often these developments are driven by technological feasibility rather than by clinical demand. In order to grant maximum acceptability and effective implementation of a technology multiple stakeholders i.e. engineers, patients and therapists need to collaborate throughout the planning and development processes. Here, we describe the design and development of three prototype-generations of a soft and modular exoskeleton. Purpose Development of a soft and modular exoskeleton, which incorporates the needs and requirements of future users. Methods Nine research groups including therapists, designers and engineers from seven European countries were involved in this project. As stakeholders we considered patients with gait limitations due to stroke, incomplete spinal cord injury or age-related weakness (primary end-users, PU), therapists with professional experience in the area of the PU's conditions and non-professional carers (secondary end-users, SU). The perspectives of PU and SU were incorporated into the technical concepts adopting a user-centered design approach. The initial prototype was designed according to the requirements, which were derived from use-cases representing the target populations. Evaluations of all prototypes were performed using semi-structured interviews with both, PU and SU. Functions of the respective prototypes were evaluated with a predefined testing protocol. The conclusions of the evaluations were fed back to the engineers and informed the development of the consecutive prototypes. All data collection procedures were approved by the local ethics committee and participants provided written informed consent. Results In total eight PU and eight SU were recruited. In general, the prototypes were in an early stage of development and the operation required staff with engineering knowledge and an experimental laboratory. In general, PU and SU rated the technology positively. The individually analyzed data from the interviews and functionality tests revealed heterogeneous results indicating the diversity of the PU's functional impairments and expectations of PU and SU. Conclusions Based on this project's experience, we are convinced that future PU and SU of a technology must be involved in the development from the very beginning. However, in order to obtain adequate feedback, the choice of individuals (PU and SU) and the level of involvement must be considered carefully. For example, inadequate expectations may draw the attention to irrelevant issues. In our project, research physiotherapists played a key role by bridging PU and SU with engineers. This information exchange was partially challenging because of different areas of interest, different terminology and geographical distance. Implications A common understanding of the project goals among the project teams and adherence to timelines are essential for successful progress such a large project. The project should assure that all stakeholders can acquire basic knowledge and perspectives of the other involved stakeholders, especially from other disciplines. Specifically for physiotherapists, basic and continuing education should incorporate technological knowledge from engineering disciplines in order to enable physiotherapists to contribute to the development of new devices. This opens the chance to participate in the development of technology for clinical applications. Funding acknowledgements This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688175 (XoSoft).

Objective The aim of this study was to determine and verify the optimal location of the motion axis (MA) for the seat of a dynamic office chair. Background A dynamic seat that supports pelvic motion may improve physical well-being and decrease the risk of sitting-associated disorders. However, office work requires an undisturbed view on the work task, which means a stable position of the upper trunk and head. Current dynamic office chairs do not fulfill this need. Consequently, a dynamic seat was adapted to the physiological kinematics of the human spine. Method Three-dimensional motion tracking in free sitting helped determine the physiological MA of the spine in the frontal plane. Three dynamic seats with physiological, lower, and higher MA were compared in stable upper body posture (thorax inclination) and seat support of pelvic motion (dynamic fitting accuracy). Spinal kinematics during sitting and walking were compared. Results The physiological MA was at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra, causing minimal thorax inclination and high dynamic fitting accuracy. Spinal motion in active sitting and walking was similar. Conclusion The physiological MA of the seat allows considerable lateral flexion of the spine similar to walking with a stable upper body posture and a high seat support of pelvic motion. Application The physiological MA enables lateral flexion of the spine, similar to walking, without affecting stable upper body posture, thus allowing active sitting while focusing on work.

Wearables, Fitnesstracker, Medizin-Apps und ähnliche Analyse-Tools stehen im E-Health-Markt aktuell hoch im Kurs - sind sie aber im Hinblick auf den Datenschutz sicher? Dieses Buch bietet eine erste Orientierung im unübersichtlichen Feld der technischen und juristischen Anforderungen an Datenschutz und Datensicherheit im Bereich E-Health und unterstützt alle Branchenbeteiligten dabei, die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens gut und sicher zu gestalten. Datensicherheit und Datenschutz gelten als die zentralen Herausforderungen, die bei der Umsetzung von E-Health zu gewährleisten sind. Die Autoren - Experten in Fragen der Datensicherheit und des Datenschutzes - skizzieren die aktuellen Entwicklungen datenverarbeitender Produkte im E-Health-Sektor, beleuchten die aktuellen Herausforderungen rund um Datenschutz und Datensicherheit und liefern erste Ergebnisse aus empirischen Studien zum aktuellen Sicherheits-Stand bei E-Health-Produkten. Zudem zeigen sie praxisnahe Lösungen auf. Dieses Fachbuch dient als Handreichung für Hersteller, Entwickler, medizinisches Fachpersonal und interessierte Patienten. Der Inhalt Marktentwicklung von E-Health Gefahren und Lösungen im IoT-Zeitalter Grundprinzipien, rechtlicher Rahmen und internationale Anforderungen an Datenschutz bei E-Health Die Autoren Prof. Dr. Christoph Bauer ist Professor an der HSBA in Hamburg und Geschäftsführender Gesellschafter von ePrivacy GmbH. Er hat zahlreiche Artikel im Bereich Datenschutz und Datensicherheit veröffentlicht und forscht in diesem Bereich und im Bereich Big Data. Dr. Frank Eickmeier ist Rechtsanwalt und Partner der IT/IP-Kanzlei Unverzagt von Have und insbesondere im Bereich des Rechts der Neuen Medien tätig. Als akkreditierter Gutachter beim Landesdatenschutzzentrum Kiel (ULD) unterstützt er Unternehmen bei der Erlangung der einschlägigen Dat enschutzgütesiegel. Michael Eckard ist Head of IT des Unternehmens ePrivacy GmbH. Als technischer Gutachter beschäftigt er sich dort mit Datenschutz bei E-Health-Apps und den High-Security-Anforderungen bei der Verarbeitung sensibler Gesundheitsdaten