Suchergebnisse

I. The Economy of California: How It has Developed and How It is Related to the Educational System -- A Few Introductory Remarks -- Income in California -- The Population of the State -- A First View of Labor Force -- California Manufacturing -- Occupations, Present and Projected -- The Public Sector in California -- II. Structure of the Education System in California -- The Structure of Education -- School Districts are Independent Units of Government -- Unequal Resources for Education -- The Growing Role of Federal Aid -- Complex System of Coordination -- State Board Controls are Limited but Rigidities are Present -- The Private Elementary and Secondary Schools -- The System of Higher Education -- Financing -- Differentiated Admission -- High Rates of Drop-out -- Access to Higher Education -- Enrollments -- An Overview of Education in California -- III. The Expansion of Education in California: A Closer Examination -- Projections of Educational Out-turn and the Problem of Educated Unemployed -- Expenditure Flows in Different Branches of the California Education System -- The Rising Concern with Internal Efficiency -- Public Elementary and Secondary Schools -- The University of California -- Alternatives for Fiscal Reform -- The Schools -- Higher Education -- The Social Efficiency of California's Educational Enterprises -- IV. Planning — Success or Failure? -- State Budgeting for Public Higher Education -- The Master Plan: Its Relations to Annual Budgeting -- The Period of Disenchantment -- Program Budgeting: Another Failure? -- Manpower Planning -- V. Adult Education in California -- The 'Hidden' Adult Education Activity -- Business and Industry -- Government -- The Military -- Poverty Programs -- Television -- Correspondence -- Proprietary Schools -- 'Free' Universities -- Other Programs -- More Visible Adult Education Programs -- The University -- General Extension -- Agricultural Extension -- The State Colleges -- Community or Junior College -- Secondary Schools -- The Extended University -- VI. Future Trends in California's Educational System -- The Changing Functions of Education in California and the Consequences for Planning -- Implications for Policy -- Bibliography — A selection -- Biographical Notes.

A survey is presented on the economics of education in 3 industrially developed regions of the world: North America, Western Europe & the USSR. Although the discipline has gained prominence only since the early '60's, significant work has been going on much longer, especially in the US, the UK & the USSR. The survey is concerned with major works in the areas of macro-, micro- & distributional economics, pointing to both accomplishments & shortcomings. Macroeconomic work includes studies on the contribution of education to economic growth & the concept of human capital, being concerned with education & labor productivity, rates of return & manpower planning, etc. Areas are pinpointed where important work remains to be done, such as investigating the potentialities of nonformal education for economic development, assigning more precise values to social benefits & costs of education, & determining the most desirable mix between general & occupational education. In the area of microeconomics, major work on production functions is critically reviewed, acknowledging the predominant role of US scholarship. The role of production function research for the equitable distribution of educational services is also stressed & attention is drawn again to areas needing further work such as more effective use of students' time, especially in higher education. In the 3rd area, distributional economics, problem areas include the effectiveness of social distribution of educational opportunities & the screening or sorting function of education & an assessment of the resulting social benefits. Another topic discussed is the distribution of income as a result of the operation of a particular educational system & its financing. Attention is finally drawn to the analysis of education as a consumer good. In the process theoretical & applied research, including statistical & econometric analyses of existing policies, are reviewed with indications about likely directions for future work in all 3 regions. AA.