Suchergebnisse

Roses and other cut flowers from Kenya can be found in innumerable European and Asian supermarkets, floristry shops and online mail-order firms. The importance of the floricultural sector is fundamental for the Kenyan economy. However, during the last two decades, international media and scientific reports have pointed out the problematic working conditions and negative environmental impacts of the industry. In response, at the beginning of the 21st century, the international Fairtrade initiative came into the picture to improve the problematic production impacts of the sector. The Fairtrade initiative has a broadly positive reputation and quantitative data show an improvement in production manners. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if and how Fairtrade is perceived and experienced by ordinary workers on a subjective level. This study examines whether Fairtrade initiatives are an attainment for general workers or if they are considered as more of a top-down development approach. Through a qualitative, phenomenological inspired research design, a comparison of working conditions on a Fairtrade and non-Fairtrade cut flower farm is done on a local micro level. Results show that the Fairtrade initiative on the examined farm is perceived and experienced as rather negative and inhuman while, on the contrary, workers on the non-Fairtrade farm reported their conditions as positive in comparison. Also, the empirical data shows that this specific Fairtrade farm might not be an individual case in Kenya. Due to weak compliance with international Fairtrade standards and national legislation, workers and worker's unions point out lacks in the Fairtrade system in the cut flower business in general. Therefore, starting from this study's results on worker's subjective negative experience of their working conditions, a broader, mixed method study on a meta level is required. Meanwhile, the Fairtrade initiative should re-evaluate its standards and inspection systems to prevent the dilution of its own standards and reputation.

"Kinder und Jugendliche können sich zu Personen entwickeln, welche die Verantwortung für sich selber und für die Gemeinschaft übernehmen und sich sozial, kulturell sowie politisch integrieren können" (Kinder- und Jugendförderungsgesetz, Abschnitt 1, Art. 2, Abs. b und c) In den frühen 70ern überliess die Stadt Bern das ehemalige Gaskesselgebäude der Berner Jugend als Experimentier- und Umsetzungsraum ihrer eigenen Interessen. Seither finden dort regelmässig Konzerte, Theateraufführungen, Discos, Ausstellungen, Diskussionen, Filmnächte und viele weitere soziokulturell motivierte Veranstaltungen statt. Damit war der Gaskessel noch vor der Besetzung der Berner Reithalle eine der wichtigsten Lokalitäten und Begegnungsorte für die Berner Jugend. Folgendes Projekt soll eine vermittelnde Rolle zwischen den Lebenswelten übernehmen und durch die Verstärkung des Austauschs mit der Umgebung eine präventive Wirkung auf die Toleranz und das gegenseitige Verständnis der entsprechenden Beteiligten haben. Mit der Durchführung des "Anders Festivals" auf dem äusseren Areal des Gaskessels, soll ein positives Erlebnis in Verbindung mit der angrenzenden Nachbarschaft geschaffen werden. Die direkte Mitwirkung der Jugendlichen in Planung und Umsetzung soll sie im Umgang mit solchen Schnittstellen und in der Durchführung eigener Ideen unterstützen und stärken. ; + Code Diss LU: hslusa pask 2018 + Fussnote: Projekt-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern - Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Soziokultur + NL-Code: NLLUHSA201806

The civilian reuse of abandoned military sites, so-called conversion, offers great opportunities in terms of both quality and quantity for urban renewal and sustainable spatial development in Germany. Stakeholders are faced with a variety of challenges when finding, planning and implementing suitable reuse of a former military site, a situation which may lead to economic demands and particular interests being given precedence over qualitative concerns. The present research project examines what approaches can ensure greater consideration of qualitative aspects in the scope of conversion projects. In many disciplines the implementation of quality management to achieve systematic organization and control of processes, resources and competences ensures the fulfilment of qualitative requirements. With this in mind, the basic principles and practices of general quality management are used for urban planning processes and applied to the specific requirements of the conversion of military sites. A quality management model for urban planning is developed that takes into account typical quality risks in such military conversion projects as well as the factors that influence their success. The model is based on the design and control of the three basic issues - stakeholders, processes and outcomes - and uses guiding principles to explain the most important quality criteria of a conversion process. The issue of "stakeholders" concerns the target-oriented integration of stakeholders and know-how into the conversion process, the creation of partnership structures and consensual collaboration between those involved in a military conversion project. The issue of "processes" comprises the design, implementation and review of the core processes involved in a conversion. In this context, with the help of appropriate instruments and methods, (quality) targets for civilian reuse are defined, secured and implemented. To a large extent, the quality of processes determines the quality of results. In the scope of conversion projects this includes a sustainable, functional and building culture dimension. Implementation of the urban planning quality management model developed in the scope of this research project together with the practical implementation of the model's quality-related approach promises to put quality aspects at the heart of conversion processes and to enhance the quality of structures, processes and results in a military conversion project.

Klarer Wahlsieger der bolivianischen Regionalwahlen vom 4. April ist Boliviens Regierungspartei Bewegung zum Sozialismus (MAS). Mit sechs von neun Departamentos und 231 von 337 Rathäusern schafft sie es, ihren "Prozess des Wandels" zu festigen. Die erstmalige Konstituierung von neun Departamento-Parlamenten nach der Annahme der neuen Verfassung und die Neuwahl von Provinz-Räten könnte das einst zentralistische Bolivien in seiner politischen Landschaft tiefgehend demokratisieren. (Lat.am Nachr/GIGA)

Boliviens neue Verfassung will die "Dekolonisierung der Justiz" und stärkt die kommunitäre Rechtsprechung indigener Gemeinden. Klare Regeln zur Abgrenzung zwischen traditionellem und bestehendem bürgerlichen Recht werden von Expertenkommissionen derzeit ausgearbeitet. Medien in Bolivien und Deutschland werfen der Linksregierung von Präsident Evo Morales derweil die "Legalisierung von Lynchjustiz", den "Rückfall ins Mittelalter" und die Einführung einer "Indio-Scharia" vor. Der jüngste Fall um Ex-Erziehungsminister Félix Patzi aber zeigt: Den KritikerInnen geht es nicht um die Sache, die heftig geführte Debatte zur kommunitären Justiz ändert ihren Kurs je nach politischer Gemengelage. (Lat.am Nachr/GIGA)

This paper deals with the requirement of a manifest infringement of the applicable law which the European Court of Justice has named in its Köbler and Traghetti del Mediterraneo judgments as a necessary prerequisite for holding Member States liable for breaches of Community law attributable to national courts adjudicating at last instance.
The requirement is first placed within the system of conditions set up in Brasserie du Pêcheur. It is shown that it constitutes no additional condition, but a strict interpretation of the second Brasserie condition which stipulates that the breach must be sufficiently serious.
An analysis of the relevant statements made in Köbler and Traghetti reveals that the prerequi-site constitutes a limitation as the specific nature of the judicial function and the legitimate requirements of legal certainty must be taken into account. Yet at the same time it follows notably from Traghetti that the requirement of a manifest infringement must not be under-stood as an insurmountable obstacle. This finding is corroborated by placing the aforementioned judgments in a broader context of Community and State liability decisions as well as principles of Community law which form the basis for State liability.

Die Opposition in Bolivien kann sich bei den kommenden Wahlen kaum Chancen ausrechnen. Dies liegt nicht allein an der konstant hohen Popularität von Präsident Evo Morales. Durch Uneinigkeit und fragwürdige KandidatInnen demontiert sich die Rechte selbst. (Lat.am Nachr/GIGA)