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By means of a comparative analysis of the available data, we can divide intelligence organizations into three groups of models, provisionally called American, British, & (the former) Soviet. These models have at the same time served as a basis for building intelligence systems in other states. Unlike the other two systems, the co-called British model of intelligence organization includes the central organization that coordinates the operation of all the others. The British intelligence system is made up of independent services located within different ministries, whose activities are coordinated by the cabinet or its working bodies. 1 Diagram, 23 References. Adapted from the source document.

A comparative analysis of available data on state security services of several European states & the US points to the fundamental theoretical tenets concerning the role & the functioning of these services in a democratic environment. Since their beginnings, these agencies have been the chief instrument in national security protection. Historically, in various states & in different periods, the unique mission of security services -- the protection of national security -- has not included uniformity of content. Among other things, this is largely due to a lack of an unequivocal definition of the concept of national security & a miscellany of "perceptions" by the ruling structures of certain states. This is why security services in totalitarian regimes, in the name of protecting "national security," have violated human rights. Due to their specific role within national security systems, security services restrict certain rights of certain individuals & organizations even in democratic societies. However, democratic societies are characterized by the fact that security services operate strictly within the law & that such violations are minimal. In other words, in democratic states, security services violate some civil rights in order to protect the key sections of national security, democratic society, & community rights. 28 References. Adapted from the source document.

"Democracy provides an environment in which the protection of basic human rights is best guaranteed." (Our Global Neighborhood: The report of the Commission on Global Governance, New York 1998). A comparative analysis of available data on state security services of several European states and the US points to the fundamental theoretical tenets concerning the role and the functioning of these services in democratic environment. Since their beginnings, these agencies have been the chief instrument in national security protection. Historically, in various states and in different periods, the unique mission of security services - the protection of national security - has not included uniformity of content. Among other things, this is largely due to a lack of an unequivocal definition of the concept of national security and a miscellany of "perceptions" by the ruling structures of certain states. This is why security services in totalitarian regimes, in t name of protecting "national security", have violated human rights. Due to their specific role within national security systems, security services restri certain rights of certain individuals and organisations even in democratic societies. However, democratic societies are characterised by the fact that security services operate strictly within the law and that such violations are minimal. In other words, in democratic states, security services violate some civil rights in order to protect the key sections of national security, democratic society, and community rights. (SOI : SOEU: S. 150)

Ein Lehr- und Handbuch, das den Gegenstandsbereich der Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft umreißt und in ihre Grundbegriffe, nämlich Kommunikation, Massenkommunikation und computervermittelte Kommunikation einführt. Breiten Raum nehmen dann die wichtigsten Lehr- und Forschungsfelder ein. Abschließend wird ein Überblick über die wichtigsten Methoden der empirischen Kommunikationsforschung wie Befragung, Inhaltsanalyse, Beobachtung und Experiment gegeben.

"Den wissenschaftlichen Konsens über die Ursachen des Klimawandels leugnen oder bezweifeln sie und hinter der Forschung vermuten sie globale Verschwörung: Wie Klimaskeptiker argumentieren, um ein breites Publikum zu überzeugen, zeigt die Analyse von 97 klimaskeptischen Sachbüchern." (Autorenreferat)