International audience ; Dans les pays à moyen ou faible revenu, la mise en œuvre de mesures sanitaires se heurte à de multiples obstacles. Les contraintes sociales, économiques et sectorielles limitent l'utilisation des résultats de la recherche et des recommandations issues des organisations nationales ou internationales. Dans ces pays, les dispositifs de recherche et d'enseignement en partenariat (dP) développés par le Cirad et ses partenaires dans le domaine de la santé apportent une expérience originale. Ces dispositifs, qui sont des réseaux régionaux, mettent en pratique l'intersectorialité en faisant collaborer la recherche, divers secteurs de la société et différentes strates de gouvernance publiques et privées. Ils visent à créer sur le temps long des réseaux d'acteurs et de décideurs et à faciliter l'innovation dans chaque contexte local ou national. Cette expérience est aujourd'hui propice pour renforcer les interactions à un niveau plus global : connecter les réseaux régionaux abordant la santé et construire un dispositif d'envergure mondiale. Pour cela, les dispositifs concernés élaborent ensemble une vision partagée des impacts souhaités et des stratégies pour les atteindre.
International audience ; Myriad challenges arise when implementing health measures in middle- and low-income countries. Social, economic and sectoral constraints impede the application of research results and recommendations from national or international organizations. In these countries, platforms in partnership for research and training (dP) developed by CIRAD and partners in the health sector contribute unique and valuable experience. These platforms represent regional networks and foster intersectoral collaborative exchanges involving research, various social sectors and public and private governance levels. They ultimately seek to develop networks of actors and policymakers while fostering innovation in different local and national contexts. This experience is now ripe for consolidating interactions at a more global level—linking regional health-oriented networks and building an instrument of global scope. The concerned platforms collaborate to develop a shared vision of the targeted impacts and strategies to achieve them.
International audience ; En los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, la aplicación de medidas sanitarias se enfrenta a múltiples obstáculos. Las limitaciones sociales, económicas y sectoriales limitan el uso de los resultados de las investigaciones y de las recomendaciones de las organizaciones nacionales o internacionales. En estos países, los dispositivos para la investigación y la enseñanza en cooperación (dP) desarrollados por el Cirad y sus socios en el sector de la salud proporcionan una experiencia original. Estos dispositivos, que son redes regionales, ponen en práctica la intersectorialidad al reunir la investigación, a varios sectores de la sociedad y a diferentes niveles de la gobernanza pública y privada. Tienen como objetivo crear, a largo plazo, redes de actores y personas con poder de decisión y facilitar la innovación en cada contexto local o nacional. Actualmente esta experiencia es propicia para reforzar las interacciones a un nivel más global: conectar las redes regionales que se ocupan de la salud y construir un dispositivo de alcance global. Para lograrlo, los dispositivos involucrados elaboran conjuntamente una visión compartida de los impactos deseados y de las estrategias para conseguirlos.
International audience ; Dans les pays à moyen ou faible revenu, la mise en œuvre de mesures sanitaires se heurte à de multiples obstacles. Les contraintes sociales, économiques et sectorielles limitent l'utilisation des résultats de la recherche et des recommandations issues des organisations nationales ou internationales. Dans ces pays, les dispositifs de recherche et d'enseignement en partenariat (dP) développés par le Cirad et ses partenaires dans le domaine de la santé apportent une expérience originale. Ces dispositifs, qui sont des réseaux régionaux, mettent en pratique l'intersectorialité en faisant collaborer la recherche, divers secteurs de la société et différentes strates de gouvernance publiques et privées. Ils visent à créer sur le temps long des réseaux d'acteurs et de décideurs et à faciliter l'innovation dans chaque contexte local ou national. Cette expérience est aujourd'hui propice pour renforcer les interactions à un niveau plus global : connecter les réseaux régionaux abordant la santé et construire un dispositif d'envergure mondiale. Pour cela, les dispositifs concernés élaborent ensemble une vision partagée des impacts souhaités et des stratégies pour les atteindre.
International audience ; Myriad challenges arise when implementing health measures in middle- and low-income countries. Social, economic and sectoral constraints impede the application of research results and recommendations from national or international organizations. In these countries, platforms in partnership for research and training (dP) developed by CIRAD and partners in the health sector contribute unique and valuable experience. These platforms represent regional networks and foster intersectoral collaborative exchanges involving research, various social sectors and public and private governance levels. They ultimately seek to develop networks of actors and policymakers while fostering innovation in different local and national contexts. This experience is now ripe for consolidating interactions at a more global level—linking regional health-oriented networks and building an instrument of global scope. The concerned platforms collaborate to develop a shared vision of the targeted impacts and strategies to achieve them.
International audience ; En los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, la aplicación de medidas sanitarias se enfrenta a múltiples obstáculos. Las limitaciones sociales, económicas y sectoriales limitan el uso de los resultados de las investigaciones y de las recomendaciones de las organizaciones nacionales o internacionales. En estos países, los dispositivos para la investigación y la enseñanza en cooperación (dP) desarrollados por el Cirad y sus socios en el sector de la salud proporcionan una experiencia original. Estos dispositivos, que son redes regionales, ponen en práctica la intersectorialidad al reunir la investigación, a varios sectores de la sociedad y a diferentes niveles de la gobernanza pública y privada. Tienen como objetivo crear, a largo plazo, redes de actores y personas con poder de decisión y facilitar la innovación en cada contexto local o nacional. Actualmente esta experiencia es propicia para reforzar las interacciones a un nivel más global: conectar las redes regionales que se ocupan de la salud y construir un dispositivo de alcance global. Para lograrlo, los dispositivos involucrados elaboran conjuntamente una visión compartida de los impactos deseados y de las estrategias para conseguirlos.
Dans les pays à moyen ou faible revenu, la mise en oeuvre de mesures sanitaires se heurte à de multiples obstacles. Les contraintes sociales, économiques et sectorielles limitent l'utilisation des résultats de la recherche et des recommandations issues des organisations nationales ou internationales. Dans ces pays, les dispositifs de recherche et d'enseignement en partenariat (dP) développés par le Cirad et ses partenaires dans le domaine de la santé apportent une expérience originale. Ces dispositifs, qui sont des réseaux régionaux, mettent en pratique l'intersectorialité en faisant collaborer la recherche, divers secteurs de la société et différentes strates de gouvernance publiques et privées. Ils visent à créer sur le temps long des réseaux d'acteurs et de décideurs et à faciliter l'innovation dans chaque contexte local ou national. Cette expérience est aujourd'hui propice pour renforcer les interactions à un niveau plus global : connecter les réseaux régionaux abordant la santé et construire un dispositif d'envergure mondiale. Pour cela, les dispositifs concernés élaborent ensemble une vision partagée des impacts souhaités et des stratégies pour les atteindre.
Myriad challenges arise when implementing health measures in middle- and low-income countries. Social, economic and sectoral constraints impede the application of research results and recommendations from national or international organizations. In these countries, platforms in partnership for research and training (dP) developed by CIRAD and partners in the health sector contribute unique and valuable experience. These platforms represent regional networks and foster intersectoral collaborative exchanges involving research, various social sectors and public and private governance levels. They ultimately seek to develop networks of actors and policymakers while fostering innovation in different local and national contexts. This experience is now ripe for consolidating interactions at a more global level—linking regional health-oriented networks and building an instrument of global scope. The concerned platforms collaborate to develop a shared vision of the targeted impacts and strategies to achieve them.
En los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, la aplicación de medidas sanitarias se enfrenta a múltiples obstáculos. Las limitaciones sociales, económicas y sectoriales limitan el uso de los resultados de las investigaciones y de las recomendaciones de las organizaciones nacionales o internacionales. En estos países, los dispositivos para la investigación y la enseñanza en cooperación (dP) desarrollados por el Cirad y sus socios en el sector de la salud proporcionan una experiencia original. Estos dispositivos, que son redes regionales, ponen en práctica la intersectorialidad al reunir la investigación, a varios sectores de la sociedad y a diferentes niveles de la gobernanza pública y privada. Tienen como objetivo crear, a largo plazo, redes de actores y personas con poder de decisión y facilitar la innovación en cada contexto local o nacional. Actualmente esta experiencia es propicia para reforzar las interacciones a un nivel más global: conectar las redes regionales que se ocupan de la salud y construir un dispositivo de alcance global. Para lograrlo, los dispositivos involucrados elaboran conjuntamente una visión compartida de los impactos deseados y de las estrategias para conseguirlos.
This study aims to explore the farmers' perceptions of FMD vaccination using a reflexive research method called Q methodology. A structured sample was composed including 46 farmers selected according to gender, farming experience, level of education and production type. Statements relevant to the farmers' perceptions of and attitudes towards FMD vaccination, related to confidence, logistics, costs and impacts of vaccination, were developed. Results were analysed by principal component analysis, using R version 3.1.2. Three distinct discourses ""Believe"", ""Confidence"", ""Challenge"", representing common perceptions among farmers and accounting for 57.3 % of the variance, were identified. Consensus points were found such as: the feeling of being more secure after FMD vaccination campaigns; the fact that farmers take vaccination decisions themselves without being influenced by other stakeholders; the opinion that FMD vaccination is cheaper than the costs of treating a sick animal; and that vaccines provided by governmental authorities are of good quality. Part of the studied population did not consider vaccination to be the first choice strategy in prevention. This raises the question of how to improve the active participation of famers in the FMD vaccine strategy. Regular awareness raising is an important tool to foster active participation and to maintain the farmers' motivation to vaccinate.
This study aims to explore the farmers' perceptions of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination using a reflexive research method called Q methodology. A structured sample was composed of 46 farmers selected according to gender, farming experience, level of education, and production type. Statements relevant to the farmers' perceptions of and attitudes toward FMD vaccination, related to confidence, logistics, costs, and impacts of vaccination were developed. Results were analyzed by principal component analysis and factor analysis. The influence of demographics and characterized variables on the respondent's contribution to each factor was also tested. Regarding the different beliefs and behavior toward FMD vaccination, the common perceptions held by Vietnamese cattle and pig farmers were divided into three discourses named Confidence (24 subjects), Belief (12 subjects), and Challenge (6 subjects). The identified discourses represented 57.3% of the variances. Consensus points were found, such as the feeling of being more secure after FMD vaccination campaigns; the fact that farmers take vaccination decisions themselves without being influenced by other stakeholders; the opinion that FMD vaccination is cheaper than the costs of treating a sick animal; and that vaccines provided by governmental authorities are of high quality. Part of the studied population did not consider vaccination to be the first choice strategy in prevention. This raises the question of how to improve the active participation of farmers in the FMD vaccine strategy. Taking into consideration farmers' perceptions can help to implement feasible vaccination strategies at the local level.
This study aims to explore the farmers' perceptions of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination using a reflexive research method called Q methodology. A structured sample was composed of 46 farmers selected according to gender, farming experience, level of education, and production type. Statements relevant to the farmers' perceptions of and attitudes toward FMD vaccination, related to confidence, logistics, costs, and impacts of vaccination were developed. Results were analyzed by principal component analysis and factor analysis. The influence of demographics and characterized variables on the respondent's contribution to each factor was also tested. Regarding the different beliefs and behavior toward FMD vaccination, the common perceptions held by Vietnamese cattle and pig farmers were divided into three discourses named Confidence (24 subjects), Belief (12 subjects), and Challenge (6 subjects). The identified discourses represented 57.3% of the variances. Consensus points were found, such as the feeling of being more secure after FMD vaccination campaigns; the fact that farmers take vaccination decisions themselves without being influenced by other stakeholders; the opinion that FMD vaccination is cheaper than the costs of treating a sick animal; and that vaccines provided by governmental authorities are of high quality. Part of the studied population did not consider vaccination to be the first choice strategy in prevention. This raises the question of how to improve the active participation of farmers in the FMD vaccine strategy. Taking into consideration farmers' perceptions can help to implement feasible vaccination strategies at the local level.
Purpose Since 2006, Vietnam has implemented mass vaccination against foot and mouth disease (FMD) for all cattle and buffaloes within specific targeted areas. However this strategy is still facing many logistical and economic constraints. This study aimed to explore South-Vietnamese farmers' subjectivities regarding FMD vaccination using a reflexive research method called Q methodology. This method allowed us to identify groups of farmers who shared similar viewpoints. Methods A structured sample of 46 farmers in Tay Ninh province was chosen. These 46 respondents were distinguished in socio - economic variables such as gender, experience level, education level and production's type. Statements relevant to farmers' attitude and perception toward FMD vaccination have been developed from previous groups and individual interviews, to produce a Q-set of 46 items. They covered 4 themes regarding vaccination: confidence, logistic, cost and impacts. Q method results were analyzed performing principal component analysis (PCA) using R version 3.1.2. Results Three factors, representing common perceptions between farmers and accounting together for 57,3 % of the variance were selected. Several consensus points were found across the factors: they feeling more secure after vaccination campaign; they strongly thinking that a good vaccination practice will make their animal have a good protection; they taking vaccination decision themselves without influenced from other actors; vaccination is cheaper than treatment cost; vaccines given by governmental authorities are of good quality. However there were several points of disagreement between factors: for some farmers (factor 3) if the housing and feeding conditions are good, they don't need to vaccinate their animals every year; the preferred type of vaccine (individually or multi dose) will depend between factors. Conclusions These outputs provided critical elements on the acceptability of FMD vaccination programs by farmers in Vietnam and allowed some recommendations on how to improve their involvement. Further researches are still required to understand and combine viewpoints of other actors involved in the vaccination campaign. (Texte intégral)
Background The international community strongly advocates the implementation of multi-sectoral surveillance policies for an effective approach to antibiotic resistance, in line with the One Health concept. To comply with these international recommendations, the Vietnamese government has issued an inter-ministerial surveillance strategy for antibiotic resistance, including an integrated surveillance system. However, one may question the ability and willingness of surveillance stakeholders to implement the collaborations required. To assess the feasibility of operationalising this strategy within the national context, we explored the role of key stakeholders in the strategy, as well as their abilities to comply with it. Methods We conducted a qualitative approach based on an iterative stakeholder mapping and analysis, in three distinct steps: (1) a description of the structure of the national surveillance strategy (literature review, key informant interviews); (2) an analysis of the key stakeholders' positions regarding the strategy (semi-structured interviews); (3) the identification of factors influencing the operationalisation of the collaborative surveillance strategy (comparison of data collected at the first and second steps). Results The mapping of the surveillance system, as well as the characterisation of key stakeholders according to organisational and functional attributes, underlined that inter-sectoral surveillance initiatives do exist, but that the organisation of the national surveillance system remains highly silo-oriented. Based on stakeholder perspectives, we identified seven factors that may influence the implementation of the One Health strategy at national level: governance and operational frameworks, divergence of institutional cultures, level of knowledge, technical capacities, allocation of resources, conflicting commercial interests and influence of international partners. Conclusions The study suggests that the operationalisation of the collaborative surveillance strategy requires the ...
Background The international community strongly advocates the implementation of multi-sectoral surveillance policies for an effective approach to antibiotic resistance, in line with the One Health concept. To comply with these international recommendations, the Vietnamese government has issued an inter-ministerial surveillance strategy for antibiotic resistance, including an integrated surveillance system. However, one may question the ability and willingness of surveillance stakeholders to implement the collaborations required. To assess the feasibility of operationalising this strategy within the national context, we explored the role of key stakeholders in the strategy, as well as their abilities to comply with it. Methods We conducted a qualitative approach based on an iterative stakeholder mapping and analysis, in three distinct steps: (1) a description of the structure of the national surveillance strategy (literature review, key informant interviews); (2) an analysis of the key stakeholders' positions regarding the strategy (semi-structured interviews); (3) the identification of factors influencing the operationalisation of the collaborative surveillance strategy (comparison of data collected at the first and second steps). Results The mapping of the surveillance system, as well as the characterisation of key stakeholders according to organisational and functional attributes, underlined that inter-sectoral surveillance initiatives do exist, but that the organisation of the national surveillance system remains highly silo-oriented. Based on stakeholder perspectives, we identified seven factors that may influence the implementation of the One Health strategy at national level: governance and operational frameworks, divergence of institutional cultures, level of knowledge, technical capacities, allocation of resources, conflicting commercial interests and influence of international partners. Conclusions The study suggests that the operationalisation of the collaborative surveillance strategy requires the full adhesion of stakeholders and the provision of appropriate resources. Based on these findings, we have proposed a guidance framework together with recommendations to move towards a more suitable governance and operational model for One Health surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Vietnam. To lever and promote successful inter-sectoral collaboration, a participatory "learning by doing" process could be applied to guide, frame and mentor stakeholders through the identification of appropriate levels of collaboration, depending on the expected positive impacts on the value of surveillance.
