Suchergebnisse

Cilj je ovoga rada razmotriti komparativno istraživanje integracijskih politika europskih gradova. Prva dva dijela daju analitički okvir za istraživanje imigrantskih integracijskih procesa i politika čija je namjera upravljati takvim procesima. U trećem se dijelu izlaže kako su se razvile lokalne integracijske politike u odnosu na nacionalne politike i integracijske politike Europske unije, posebice nakon 2003. U četvrtom i glavnom dijelu analiziraju se oblikovanje i sadržaj integracijskih politika europskih gradova promatrajući njihovu različitost u pravnoj/političkoj dimenziji, zatim u društvenoekonomskoj dimenziji – uključujući područja rada, stanovanja, obrazovanja i zdravlja – kao i kulturnoj, religijskoj i etničkoj dimenziji. Autori zaključuju da postoji strukturna konvergencija u smislu da u složenoj strukturi višerazinskog upravljanja migracijama i integracijom gradovi zauzimaju sličnu poziciju razvijanjem horizontalnih odnosa suradnje i razmjene. Gradovi koji razvijaju izrazite integracijske politike skloni su to učiniti obuhvatnijim i pragmatičnijim uobličavanjem nego nacionalne politike i politike Europske unije. Istodobno postoji velika razlika u tome što gradovi zapravo čine: oblikovanje, namjere i mjere jako se razlikuju u pravnim/političkim i kulturnim/religijskim dimenzijama, dok je u društvenoekonomskoj dimenziji ta razlika manja kada je riječ o području djelovanja, ali je veća po jakosti političke intervencije. ; This article aims to review the comparative study of integration policies of European cities. The first two sections present an analytical framework for the study of immigrants' integration processes and the policies that intend to steer such processes. The third section outlines how local integration policies have developed in relation to national policies and EU integration policies, particularly after 2003. The fourth and main section analyses the framing and content of integration policies of European cities, looking at their diversity in the legal/political dimension, the socio-economic dimension – including the domains of work, housing, education and health – and the cultural, religious and ethnic dimension. It is concluded that there is a structural convergence, in the sense that in the complex structure of multilevel governance of migration and integration, cities do take a similar position, developing horizontal relations of cooperation and exchange. Cities that develop explicit integration policies tend to do this from a more inclusive and pragmatic framing than national and EU-policies. At the same time, there is great variation in what cities actually do: in the legal/political and in the cultural/religious dimensions, framing, intentions and measures do vary greatly; in the socio-economic dimension this variation is less when it comes to the domains of activity, but more in the intensity of policy intervention.

AbstractOver the last two decades, research on unauthorized migration has departed from the equation of migrant illegality with absolute exclusion, emphasizing that formal exclusion typically results in subordinate inclusion. Irregular migrants integrate through informal support networks, the underground economy, and political activities. But they also incorporate into formal institutions, through policy divergence between levels of government, bureaucratic sabotage, or fraud. The incorporation of undocumented migrants involves not so much invisibility as camouflage – presenting the paradox that camouflage improves with integration. As it reaches the formal level of claims and procedures, legalization brings up the issue of the frames through which legal deservingness is asserted. Looking at the moral economy embedded in claims and programs, we examine a series of frame tensions: between universal and particular claims to legal status, between legalization based on vulnerability and that based on civic performance, between economic and cultural deservingness, and between the policy level and individual subjectivity. We show that restrictionist governments face a dilemma when their constructions of "good citizenship" threaten to extend to "deserving" undocumented migrants. Hence, they may simultaneously emphasize deservingness frames while limiting irregular migrants' opportunities to deserve, effectively making deservingness both a civic obligation and a civic privilege.

BRIDGES Syntesis Report 2024Interpretations are what determine responses much more than raw facts. This is true in all societal fields but in migration this is particularly evident. Despite the undisputable relevance of numbers for migratory processes and their consequences, interpretations are more and more related to broader problems such as anxiety about states' perceived inability to control migration; fears about national identity and core values; or concerns about growing socioeconomic inequalities. Regardless of more evidence-based technocratic accounts, these anxieties often lead to symbolic policy decisions with major political and societal consequences. A paradigmatic example of the importance of narratives on migration is the different response to the European 2015 and 2022 refugee crises. While in 2015 Europe said enough after few months and a little bit more than one million refugees, in 2022 more than 5 million refugees were not even perceived as a crisis and temporary protection was immediately given on a collective basis. The different responses had to do with different interpretations about geographic and cultural proximity but also about whose war (in Syria and Ukraine) was perceived to be.

Rinus Penninx's groundbreaking work has helped to systematise and classify existing research in the field of migration and ethnic studies. His heuristic model makes an important distinction between immigration and integration research and, within the latter, between socio-economic, ethno-cultural and legal-political dimensions. Written as a tribute to Penninx, this volume consists of contributions by 15 of his former PhD students covering all the main categories of his heuristic model.

¿Hasta qué punto y cómo la investigación académica en cienciassociales ha tenido un impacto en el policymaking de las políticas deinmigración e integración en España? A partir del análisis de 14entrevistas con investigadores y la revisión de la literatura académica,este trabajo señala dos cuestiones. Primero, la investigación sobreinmigración en España surgió a demanda de las organizaciones socialesy administraciones, que según crecía la población inmigrada necesitabandatos para fundamentar sus políticas incipientes. Segundo, tomandocomo partida el modelo propuesto por Penninx (2005), señalamos quemientras que la centralización de las políticas de inmigración ha llevado aun papel marginal de los investigadores, el carácter más bottom-up delas políticas de integración ha determinado una mayor implicación,especialmente en la fase de formulación.

AbstractRecent programs to regularize undocumented migrants suggest the increasing role of employment as a requirement for foreigners to legally reside in Europe. Taking as illustrations the cases of Spain, France, Austria, Belgium and Germany, this article examines how regularization policies frame work. Employment provisions follow a civic‐performance frame that breaks with the criterion of vulnerability. While secure forms of employment paying standard wages are privileged, the crisis has made such jobs even less accessible to migrants seeking to regularize or maintain their status. Residence permits granted through legalization have become increasingly temporary and conditional, often involving repeated transitions in and out of illegality. A vicious circle of "disintegration" thus threatens to set in where employment precariousness becomes both the source and the consequence of legal precariousness.
Policy Implications


The article shows how employment provisions are tightly linked to policies of "earned legalization".

The article shows that employment can be part of a broader regularization policy emphasizing ties to the host country.

The article brings attention to potential conflicts between access requirements based on migrant vulnerability, and those based on migrant integration.

The article warns against the exclusionary workings of employment‐based regularization in times of economic downturn.

AbstractIn 2019, Spain had the third highest number of asylum applications in the Europen Union, after Germany and France. The number of asylum applications grew from 31,120 in 2017 to 55,668 in 2018 and 118,264 in 2019. Following this exponential increase, the number of accommodation places in the state reception system has risen almost proportionally. In this changing context, this article seeks to explain the regulation of asylum accommodation in Spain. Following critical refugee studies in the Global North and the Global South, we argue that the Spanish asylum reception system is characterized by a hybrid model that imposes forms of discipline and neglect. By using a mixed-methods approach combining document analysis of secondary data, in-depth interviews with both stakeholders and asylum seekers, and an exploratory survey to 301 asylum seekers, we analyse the implications of this hybrid model in terms of asylum seekers trajectories and eventual inclusion.

Los temporeros agrícolas en España son noticia año tras año. En 2020, los mismos problemas se repitieron una y otra vez, agravados por el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Este artículo analiza cuatro casos que fueron noticia: las condiciones de los asentamientos irregulares en Andalucía; la situación de las temporeras marroquíes contratadas en origen que quedaron atrapadas en Huelva; las duras condiciones laborales del campo a la luz de la muerte de un solicitante de asilo en Lorca; y la presencia de temporeros en las calles de Lleida, que generó nuevamente un debate sobre sus condiciones de alojamiento en medio de los primeros brotes de COVID-19 del verano. El objetivo final del artículo es ilustrar con casos concretos problemas estructurales que vienen de lejos y, con ello, apuntar posibles soluciones a corto, medio y largo plazo.

This Working Paper provides an overview of social science literature on narratives, with a particular focus on narratives on migration (MiNa). The paper starts by tracing the emergence of the concept of narratives in a range of social sciences (sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology and media studies), and then outlines a working definition of the concept for use in the BRIDGES project. We then map key literature about the emergence and sources of narratives; their psychological, social and political functions; and the factors influencing their spread and prevalence. We go on to explore how the concept has been applied to understand the dynamics of mobility, displacement, integration, public attitudes and political mobilisation in migration studies. We examine some of the key themes of the literature in relation to gender, a key dimension of the BRIDGES project, and then set out a number of trends that might be expected to shape the content and diffusion of narratives.