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European resettlement programs prioritize the admission of refugee families. While this is seen as the "natural" thing to do, we argue that the mobilization of family norms is crucially political: in everyday bordering practices, interpretations of family norms are decisive for who is admitted to Europe. We study the selection of Syrian refugees in Turkey for humanitarian admission to Germany, which involves national governments, UNHCR, and NGOs. Fusing practice-theoretical approaches to humanitarianism and mobility governance on the one hand, with gender and sexuality scholarship on nationalism, empire, and migration on the other, we show how family norms configure discretionary power in transnational migration governance. First, family norms shape how power is exercised over refugees in vulnerability and assimilability assessments. Vulnerability assessments hinge on whether a family counts as protective and supportive, or deficient and threatening. Assimilability assessments scrutinize whether refugees do family "right": in a way that will not disturb resettlement countries' national (gender) order. Second, the mobilization of family norms reflects power disparities between actors. International and non-governmental actors strive to recognize plural family forms, but are disciplined into applying resettlement states' more constraining family norms, thereby participating in the (re)production of the borders and boundaries of Europe.

Abstract
European resettlement programs prioritize the admission of refugee families. While this is seen as the "natural" thing to do, we argue that the mobilization of family norms is crucially political: in everyday bordering practices, interpretations of family norms are decisive for who is admitted to Europe. We study the selection of Syrian refugees in Turkey for humanitarian admission to Germany, which involves national governments, UNHCR, and NGOs. Fusing practice-theoretical approaches to humanitarianism and mobility governance on the one hand, with gender and sexuality scholarship on nationalism, empire, and migration on the other, we show how family norms configure discretionary power in transnational migration governance. First, family norms shape how power is exercised over refugees in vulnerability and assimilability assessments. Vulnerability assessments hinge on whether a family counts as protective and supportive, or deficient and threatening. Assimilability assessments scrutinize whether refugees do family "right": in a way that will not disturb resettlement countries' national (gender) order. Second, the mobilization of family norms reflects power disparities between actors. International and non-governmental actors strive to recognize plural family forms, but are disciplined into applying resettlement states' more constraining family norms, thereby participating in the (re)production of the borders and boundaries of Europe.

AbstractThe introduction to this special issue traces class at the interface between migration policy and migrant strategies. Scholarship on the politics of migration and citizenship has thus far largely neglected class. In contrast, we contend that discourses on migration, integration and citizenship are inevitably classed. Assessed through seemingly heterogeneous criteria of "merit" and "performance", class serves as an analytical connector between economic and identity rationales which intersect in all migration policies, including those regulating family and humanitarian admission. Class‐selective policy frames can function as constraints maintaining some aspiring migrants into immobility or channeling different groups of migrants into separate and unequal incorporation routes. Yet, policy frames can also serve as resources to strategize with as migrants navigate and perform gendered and classed expectations embedded into receiving‐country migration regimes. We conclude that connecting policy with migrant strategies is key to reintroducing class without naturalizing classed strategies of mobility.

"Family migration" and "integration" are intimately related concepts in policy discourses in Europe today. Assumptions about the relation between "family migration" and "integration" play a crucial role in shaping policies. This special issue aims to examine the axis between "family migration," "policy," and "integration," both from a policy perspective, and from the perspective of individuals engaged in family migration. In this introduction, we first discuss scholarly work on family migration policies in Europe, which analyzes how policies and discourses on family migration and integration participate in the politics of belonging. Second, we explore the fragmented and incomplete insights offered by existing research about the actual relation between family migration and migrant integration.

This article examines the impact of European integration on national policy in the field of migration. Member States have since the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam (1999) power over immigration policy largely ceded to supranational institutions. The Governments of the Member States do not seem to give full account of this new situation. The same applies to the academic literature on the Europeanisation of migration policy which - still dominates the intergovernmental perspective - unlike in the wider EU study literature. This article focuses on the impact of the Family Reunification Directive of 2003 on policymaking in the Netherlands. And politics The Dutch case shows that the reality of migration policies in the EU are increasingly in conflict with intergovernmental assumptions and that it is high time that researchers of migration broaden their theoretical perspective. Adapted from the source document.

Are the restrictive reforms of family migration policy recently implemented in France, Germany and the Netherlands a result of the introduction of the Family Reunification Directive in 2003? Most existing literature on the Europeanisation of migration policies suggests that restriction-minded national governments shift decision-making to the EU level to escape domestic political and judicial constraints. However, as the Treaties of Amsterdam and Lisbon have empowered the Commission and Court to constrain restrictive reform, this perspective is losing analytical validity. Also, this perspective fails to capture the intensifying processes of policy transfer among Member States, which have inadequately been labelled 'horizontal' Europeanisation. We therefore propose a new, actor-centred analytical framework of Europeanisation. We show that contrasting yet parallel dynamics of Europeanisation may emanate from a single legislative instrument and may constrain and empower national governments at the same time.

The case for regional approach to study politics of migration : historical context / Agnieszka Weinar, Saskia Bonjour and Lyubov Zhyznomirska -- Migration governance in Europe : a historical perspective / Adam Luedtke -- Research on the multi-level governance of migration and migrant integration : reversed pyramids / Ilke Adam and Tiziana Caponio -- Politics of migration in Europe / Agnieszka Weinar -- Beyond methodological Western-centrism : the "control gap" debate reconsidered from a global perspective / Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas -- Implementing migration policies / Nora Dörrenbacher and Tineke Strik -- Expertise, governing and migration in Europe / Emma Carmel & Hester Kan -- Media and immigration : a political communication perspective / Rens Vliegenthart -- The role of courts and legal norms / Rebecca Hamlin and Hillary Mellinger -- EU institutions : venue for restriction or liberal constraint? / Ariadna Ripoll Servent -- The party politics of migration and mobility / Pontus Odmalm -- The participation, mobilization and political representation of migrants in Europe / Pierre Monforte and Laura Morales -- The governance of citizenship and belonging in Europe and the EU / Costica Dumbrava -- Beyond national models : comparing migrant integration regimes / Christophe Bertossi and Jan Willem Duyvendak -- The civic integration turn / Sarah Goodman -- Family migration and membership / Anne-Marie d'Aoust -- Politics of irregular migration in Europe : moving beyond EU-driven research agenda / Lyubov Zhyznomirska -- Border management in Europe : Europeanisation and its discontent / Karolina S. Follis -- Risk analysis as a governance tool in European border control / Regine Paul -- Security, industry, and migration in European border control / Martin Lemberg-Pedersen -- Return and readmission policy in Europe : understanding negotiation and implementation dynamics / Florian Trauner -- A spurious relationship? : assisted voluntary return and development / Katie Kuschminder -- The historical development of refugee protection in Europe / Phil Orchard -- Contemporary politics of international protection in Europe : from protection to prevention / Petra Bendel -- Does European refugee policy exist? : regional dimension of the refugee protection approach n Europe / Joanne van Selm -- A common European asylum system? : how variation in member states' administrative capacity undermines EU asylum harmonisation / Natascha Zaun -- The labour market impacts of immigration in Europe / Ravi Parekh and Carlos Vargas-Silva -- Allowing refugees to work or not? : policies and the economic integration of refugees in the EU / Sonja Fransen and Kim Caarls -- The politics of care work and migration / Franca van Hooren, Birgit Apitzsch and Clémence Ledoux -- Migration and the welfare state / Igor Jakubiak and Pawel Kaczmarczyk -- Why does EU engage in external cooperation on migration? : IR framework / Natasja Reslov -- International organisations and politics of migration in Europe / Marta Jaroszewicz -- The EU's visa liberalisation policy : what kind of transformative power in neighbouring regions? / Laure Delcour -- The evolution of governance and financing of migration and development policy and politics in Europe / Marieke van Houte -- Apples and oranges? : data sources on migration in Europe / Anna Di Bartolomeo -- Analysis of discourses and rhetoric in European migration politics / Susanne Guilleme