Suchergebnisse

"One of the future tasks could be to find a more precise definition of the term diaspora, argues Saga Bozic whose piece deals with the Croatian diaspora. He demonstrates that the question of when the Croatian diaspora was, is in fact a question about Croatian nation building in the late 19th century. The diaspora was mobilized several times when vital political decisions regarding Croatia were on the agenda: before the break-up of the Habsburg empire, with the beginning of the First Yugoslavia, with the prospect of autonomy and later on Nazi- puppet regime independence. It was always ideologically very heterogeneous, therefore unable to play its self-proclaimed role as advising the nation. It was in the last phase of post-Tito Yugoslavia that the diaspora was more or less unanimously in support of Croatian independence. The anti-communist opposition party - HDZ- relied quite heavily on the diaspora which was using its influence extensively in Croatia in return. This only became more intense with the war but never led to any lasting territorialization of the diaspora (in an territorially expansionist way) due to international as well as national opposition" (author's abstract)

"Die existentielle Alternative, die sich in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten herauskristallisiert hat bzw. die den Immigranten von dem Emigrationsland, dem mitteleuropäischen Immigrationsland, aber oft auch von den Sozialwissenschaftlern indirekt angeboten wird, lautet wenn nicht Assimilation dann Diaspora oder Minderheit. Die Immigranten reagieren jedoch nicht nur auf Erwartungen und Forderungen der Mehrheiten der Aufnahme- und Herkunftsgesellschaft, sondern gestalten ihre Aktivitäten nach eigenen Vorstellungen, die von diesen Mehrheiten und ihren Institutionen beeinflußt sind. Hier wird dafür plädiert, das Handeln der Immigranten in die Diskussion über Zugehörigkeit und Kontrolle der Institutionen und des Raums einzubeziehen und die Immigranten nicht weiterhin als undifferenzierte Population zu behandeln. Bevor man generalisierende Aussagen über die Beziehungen und Lage der Immigranten trifft, muß man sie differenzierter erforschen. Bis dahin werden wir uns mit den vorhandenen Untersuchungen zum Handeln der Immigranten begnügen müssen. Der hier dargestellte Fall der Kroaten in Wien bietet, wiewohl sehr spezifisch, Vergleichsmöglichkeiten. Auch mehrdeutige Konzepte wie Diaspora und Minderheit können so für die Forschung brauchbar gemacht werden." (Autorenreferat)

This study examined how the Look and Think functional vision assessment and training procedure was being used in schools in the recent past. A questionnaire was sent to 218 educational institutions throughout the UK exploring usage during the year 1993. It asked questions about: whether the procedure had been used; the manner in which assessments were carried out; the sort of children that Look and Think was used with; and how the visual training component of the procedure was organised. Fifty-eight per cent of the instititions which responded had used Look and Think during 1993. The meaning of the responses obtained is discussed, and thoughts on possible future research are outlined.

At the transition beginning, economic crisis in Serbia was caused by political crisis in the area of former SFRY and institution crisis which, at the time were not ready for changing of the milieu they developed in until then. Political and economic crisis which started at that time in the area of former Yugoslavia, was intensified by the new transition crisis which have, in Serbia, being present – more or less intensively, until present days. Events in politics during the nineties, the introduction of economic sanctions by international organizations, hyperinflation, unemployment increase and overflow of gray economy, additionally contributed the crisis to last longer that it is usual for transition process. The economic crisis went on during the first decade of the new century. This period is known by accelerated privatization which, from the point of the crisis was double-edged sword: on one side, great inflow of assets partially preserved "social peace" and the crisis felt less; on the other, insufficient investments in production and long lists of redundancy workers from newly privatized companies anticipated that the economic crisis in the future will be wider and become the crisis of the social system. The great world economic crisis, which in 2008. started in the USA, had consequences for the whole world. Though, Serbia geographically and economically was not on the front line of the direct impact countries, yet economic consequences were great because the crisis hit the vulnerable system which in the previous decades was already in the crisis. Slowing of economic development and transition reforms, are most obvious consequences of its effect in Serbia. Decades of Serbian crisis and the possibility of having "Greek script" in Serbia, motivated the present government to adopt a new package of measures to ease the crisis, which will be effective in near future.

The development of international trade on the world scale under the
conditions of globalization, more than ever in the economic history has given
prominence to the issues of given countries? competitiveness and foreign
trade companies. Competitiveness in foreign trade is a complex category
affected by the factors of both economic and non-economic nature. With the
increase of the degree of liberalization of foreign trade globally,
competitiveness represents a very important factor that the results in this
particular trade depend on and, consequently, realization of the
developmental and stabilization objectives in the progress of trade. The
Balkan countries are making efforts, through diverse forms of regional
economic networking and economic cooperation, to define their competitiveness
in foreign trade in such a way so as to ensure its higher level. The actions
of this kind should change their relatively unfavorable position in
international trade and improve the state in their foreign trade balance as
well as balance of payments. In doing this, they encounter numerous problems
of economic and non-economic nature, namely those that still condition their
low competitiveness in foreign trade.