Suchergebnisse

This contribution seeks to overcome the isolation of evaluation studies fromthe broader field of public policy analysis. Using as a case study the hybrid regulatory tool of cross compliance under the Common Agricultural Policy, the article charts the ongoing incorporation of ex ante and ex post evaluation processes over a ten year period, during which three major legislative reforms were undertaken. Anchoring its approach in the public policy work of Kingdon, the article emphasises the significance of the plurality of actors involved in the evaluation processes, the importance of timing, as well as the challenge to models of policy processes based on assumptions of rational linearity. In particular, the article demonstrates how the dis–ordering which may be observed in the stages of the policy process may equally be seen in the stages of policy appraisal. A particular focus is placed on the way in which objectives and indicators are defined and re–defined over time. The case study demonstrates that through policy appraisal, policy makers may learn what is, and what is not capable of being measured, which feeds back into the re–setting of objectives.

This article seeks to explain models of inclusion of civil society actors in the immigration policy process (and particularly matters related to the social integration of immigrants) in Italy in terms of a model of 'conflictual cooperation' that has developed out of the theoretical literature on social movements and on interest intermediation. The article explores how the model of conflictual cooperation that appeared to have been established under the centre-left government in the second half of the 1990s was affected by the election of a centre-right government in 2001, with the latter downgrading relations with civil society and appealing directly to popular opinion on this issue.