Suchergebnisse

I The Social Psychological Approach -- 1 The Social Psychological Approach -- II The Nature of Social Psychology -- 2 The Character of Social Psychology -- 3 Relationships -- 4 Identity -- 5 Groups -- 6 Environment -- 7 Personal and Social Change -- 8 Central Tenets of SPA Explanation and Analysis -- III The Nature of Social Work -- 9 The Structure of Social Work -- 10 BASW and Social Work -- 11 Demands and Skills -- IV Theory Use -- 12 Levels of Analysis in Social Work -- 13 How to Use a Theory -- V The Spa in Practice -- 14 Disablement -- 15 Group Homes -- 16 Child Battering -- 17 Community Work -- 18 Mental Illness -- 19 Use of the SPA by the Client -- 20 Student Supervision -- VI Analyst, Analyse Thyself -- Preface -- 21 The Position of the Social Work Profession -- 22 The Position of the Individual Social Worker -- VII Theory into Action -- 23 Theory into Action: A Conclusion -- References.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a focus on isolation and loneliness is important, especially as social distancing policies (which for some groups involve self-isolation or quarantine) are likely to accentuate these experiences and affect mental health. Aims: This study focuses on socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two-hundred and fourteen residents of Wandsworth, a South West London Borough in the United Kingdom completed an online cross-sectional survey on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests and multiple regression. Results: Middle-aged people reported a less strong social network and more loneliness, anxiety and depression than younger people. People with a long-term health condition reported a less strong social network, more loneliness, more general practitioner (GP) and hospital visits, and poorer mental health than those with no long-term health conditions. People receiving State financial benefits reported less use of public spaces, a less strong social network, more loneliness, more GP and hospital visits and poorer mental health than those not receiving benefits. Greater neighbourhood identification was associated with a stronger social network and better mental health outcomes. Multiple regression analyses showed that, over and above loneliness, perceived personal risk of COVID-19 constitutes an additional precipitant for both depression and anxiety when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: As a novel stressor associated with the pandemic, the situational and involuntary perception of being at risk of COVID-19 may be stimulating anxiety and depressive symptomatology, which will need to be managed effectively as resurgences of the disease are predicted and communicated to the general public under growing mistrust and uncertainty.

The dominance of the "psychometric" paradigm and the consequent emphasis on personality profiles of hazards has resulted in little attention being given to individual variability in risk judgments. This study examines how far differences in experience of risk activities can explain individual variability in risk assessments. A questionnaire study (n= 172) was used to explore the relationships between experience and risk perceptions in relation to 16 risk activities. It was expected that these relationships would differ for voluntary and involuntary activities. Measures of experience included assessments of "impact" and "outcome" valence as well as "frequency." These three aspects of experience each related to risk assessment but their relationship depended on whether the risk experiences were voluntary or not. The results indicate the importance of developing more fine‐grained ways of indexing risk experience.

This study examined the relative powerof sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitudinal variables in predicting environmental concem and indifference in young people, using data from a subsample of 1,089 13- to 1 6-year-olds who participated in a U.K. survey on public understanding of science. The best discriminator between environmentally concemed and indifferent young people was self-reported level of knowledge about specific environmental issues. Level of scientific knowledge and exposure to television science programs were also powerful discriminators after the social class effect was considered. In addition, attitudes toward scientific changes were a good discriminating factor, after the effects of social class and knowledge were taken into account. However, age contributed only slightly in predicting environmental concern and indifference, and sex and personal commitment to science made no significant contribution. These findings support prior researchers' assertions that views about science relate to environmental attitudes and have implications for environmental education.

11. The lattice of polemic social representations: a comparison of the social representations of occupations in favelas, public housing, and middle-class neighbourhoods of Brazil / David V. Canter and Circe Monteiro -- 12. Finding social representations in attribute checklists: how will we know when we have found one? / Christopher R. Fife-Schaw -- 13. Multidimensional scaling as a technique for the exploration and description of a social representation / S. Caroline Purkhardt and Janet E. Stockdale -- 14. The meaning of work for young people: the role of parents in the transmission of a social representation / Lucia Mannetti and Giancarlo Tanucci -- 15. Social representations of mental illness: lay and professional perspectives / Bruna Zani -- Epilogue: methodological contributions to the theory of social representations / David V. Canter and Glynis M. Breakwell

A model of the effects of ethnicity, political trust, trust in science, perceived ingroup power, COVID-19 risk and fear of COVID-19 upon likelihood of COVID-19 preventive behaviour (CPB) is presented. The structural equation model was a good fit for survey data from 478 White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people. Ethnicity had a direct effect on CPB (BAME reported higher CPB) and an indirect effect on it through political trust, ingroup power, COVID-19 risk and trust in science. Ethnicity was not significantly related to COVID-19 fear. COVID-19 fear and trust in science were positively associated with CPB.