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http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2669 ; Le fichier attaché à cette référence, version publiée de l'œuvre, est librement accessible, sans embargo, en accord avec les Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

According to the Court of Justice of the European Union, the legal structure of the European Union: 'is based on the fundamental premiss that each Member State shares with all the other Member States, and recognises that they share with it, a set of common values on which the EU is founded, as stated in Article 2 TEU.' Fundamental rights, the rule of law and democracy occupy a central place among these common values. The Court holds that this premiss 'implies and justifies the existence of mutual trust between the Member States.' However, for several years, the European Union has been suffering from a crisis of values. This crisis stems from the undermining of the values on which the European Union is supposedly based. Yet, references to mutual trust between Member States has never been more prevalent in the official discourse. Like the adage 'there is never so much talk about water as in the desert,' is the rise in popularity of mutual trust symptomatic of the climate of mistrust between the Member States? This book centres around this question, raised by the success of the principle of mutual trust at a time when the context betrays fundamental divisions between the Member States regarding the meaning of European integration and the values on which it is based. To answer this question, the first part of the book seeks to clear the ground and to offer a cross-cutting definition of the principle of mutual trust in EU law, which applies both to internal market law and to the law of the area of freedom, security and justice. In this respect, the presumptive mechanism seems to offer the best description of the principle studied. The second part of the book analyses the apparently consubstantial link between this principle and the founding values of the EU. In that regard, it appears that the common set of values has an ambivalent relationship with the principle of mutual trust, being both its normative basis and its imperfect limit. The book closes with a third part analysing the essential role played by the principle of mutual trust in EU law at the intersection of the imperatives of unity, diversity and equality which drive European integration. Given the threats currently faced by the founding values of the EU, it argues in favour of moving mutual trust from the rank of postulate to that of method

Le principe de confiance mutuelle connaît un véritable avènement en droit de l'Union européenne. Initialement mobilisé à l'aube des années 70' en droit du marché intérieur, il a par la suite été sollicité de façon explicite dans les domaines de la coopération européenne judiciaire civile et pénale, ainsi que dans le domaine de la politique commune d'asile. Désormais qualifiée de principe d'importance fondamentale par la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, la confiance mutuelle est devenue un véritable leitmotiv de l'intégration européenne. En dépit de son succès, ce principe demeurait en manque criant de conceptualisation. Cette thèse de doctorat avait pour principal objectif de remédier à cette nébuleuse en offrant une définition transversale du principe de confiance mutuelle. Il a pu être démontré qu'il se définit par l'obligation qu'il impose aux États membres de présumer la compatibilité de leurs solutions juridiques nationales respectives. Cette présomption est ambivalente, en ce qu'elle porte, dans certains cas, sur la conformité d'une solution juridique nationale par rapport au droit de l'Union et, dans d'autres, sur l'admissibilité de solutions juridiques nationales différentes. Dans ce cadre, les États membres sont tenus de considérer, sauf circonstances exceptionnelles, que tous les autres États membres respectent les droits fondamentaux. Avec l'appui des travaux relatifs à la notion de confiance en sociologie, l'archétype de la confiance mutuelle en droit de l'Union a également pu être esquissé. Cette dernière agit comme un « réducteur de la complexité » et rend possible la gouvernance dans l'espace sans frontières intérieures. Le principe de confiance mutuelle se situe en effet à la croisée de trois impératifs essentiels de la construction européenne : l'unité, la diversité ainsi que l'égalité entre les États membres. Le gain en fluidité a néanmoins un prix : le risque qu'il génère en raison de l'absence de contrôle mutuel des solutions juridiques pré

During the 2000s, the European Union has witnessed a significant change in terms of integration policies for immigrants. Countries like Sweden and the Netherlands, who were both pioneers of multicultural policies in Europe both significantly limited such policies in the late 1990s. Restrictive measures, requiring higher levels of integration in order to access and maintain legal statuses, have been enacted by most Western European countries since then, especially after 9/11. In October 2010, in a very polemic context on immigration and immigrant integration, the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, announced that Germany was to be considered a multicultural failure, words that were soon echoed by the Belgian Prime Minister Yves Leterme, the British Prime Minister David Cameron and the French President Nicolas Sarkozy. These sensational statements, which by and large avoid defining the concept of multiculturalism, are based on a reaffirmation of "Western values" and strengthening of national identity. These statements express the need to review the policies on integration of immigrants, in the sense that they should be more active and voluntarist, more organized by the state and more supported by the EU. In the background, one can see fear for Islamic extremism, but also the idea that the nation states can put some obligations on immigrants, and that for a too long time we have been focusing on "those who arrive", rather than on "the society that welcomes them". This book intends to address the relationship between, on the one hand, cultural diversity resulting from migration, and, on the other hand, social cohesion and social justice within Western societies

This edited volume addresses the construction of identity classifications underlying the new forms of inclusion and exclusion that are to be found in contemporary Europe. Its scope covers practices of categorization and of resistance, both by majority groups.

En septembre 2015, un nouvel acteur est apparu sur la scène des études de genre : STRIGES. Cette structure de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le genre, l'égalité et la sexualité constitue une des équipes fondatrices de la Maison des Sciences Humaines de l'ULB.