Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title Page -- About this Book -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- PART ONE: Unfulfilled Promise -- 1. In the 'City of the Insane' (1867-87) -- 'The Maddest Place in the World' -- 'The Imbecile Class of the Insane' -- 'Susceptible of Instruction' -- An Asylum for 'Idiot Children' -- 2. 'Always a Curious Boy' (1887-1908) -- 'Incessant Attention' -- 'In Great Distress' -- 'Please Let Me Know How My Little Boy is Keeping' -- 3. 'For the Care and Training of Feeble-minded Children' (1887-1907) -- 'An Institution for the Care and Training of Feeble-minded Children' -- 'Herculean Difficulties' -- 'A Distinct Advance on Anything Yet Done for the Feeble-minded Children in Australia'? -- 'Results that Justify Its Continuance on the Present Scale' -- 4. 'Mental Defectives: A Serious Social Problem' (1907-24) -- 'An Up-to-Date Institution Elsewhere' -- 'Mental Defectives: A Serious Social Problem' -- 'An Indictment Against the Whole Community' -- 5. 'A New Deal for Mental Defectives' (1924-39) -- 'Dealing with the Menace of the Feeble-minded' -- 'I Just Did What I Was Told' -- 'Almost Like the Rock of Ages' -- 'A New Deal for Mental Defectives' -- 6. 'A Hillside of Sadness' (1939-50) -- 'Sorrowing Parents' -- 'A Hillside of Sadness' -- 'Our Out-dated Asylums' -- PART TWO: A Passion for Reform -- 7. Eric Cunningham Dax and the Reform of the Kew Children's Cottages (1951-60) -- Eric Cunningham Dax -- 'A Terrible Reproach to the Public Conscience' -- Getting to Work -- Untangling Mental Illness and Intellectual Disability -- 8. The Tipping Campaign and Public Support (1961-65) -- Fighting Red Tape -- Edmond William Tipping -- The Tipping Appeal -- Personal Stories of Residents of Kew Cottages -- 9. The Kew Cottages Parents' Association (1958-70) -- Origins of the Kew Cottages Parents' Association -- Early Days.

This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government's Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia's national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM 2.5 concentrations.