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Resumo A União Europeia delega à Comissão Europeia poder exclusivo de iniciativa legislativa, o que permite que um organismo autônomo e pautado pelo senso de expertise possua legitimidade institucional para propor leis que contrariem interesses dos governos nacionais. A partir da análise da demissão voluntária da Comissão Santer e do processo de nomeação da Comissão Barroso, o artigo identifica um empoderamento do Parlamento Europeu principalmente no controle ex-ante da Comissão Europeia, quando confirma a escolha dos comissários, enquanto o poder de controle ex-post tem sido delegado ao presidente da Comissão, que tem se tornado um agente importante no gerenciamento de crises.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Ibero-American Youth in the Twenty-First Century -- 1.1 Youth in Plural -- 1.2 Youth Studies: North-South Articulations -- 1.3 Youth(s) in the Ibero-American World -- 1.4 Volume Organisation -- Bibliography -- Part I: Activism, Resistance, and Citizenship -- Chapter 2: Youth Protest Culture in Lima (2011-2016) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Changing the Protest Repertoire -- 2.3 Cultural Activism and Networks of Solidarity and Rage -- 2.4 New Assemblages and Politics in the Victory Against Law 30288 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Bandas de Barrio (Neighbourhood Gangs) and Gentrification: Racialised Youth as an Urban Frontier Against the Elitisation of Suburban Working-Class Neighbourhoods in Twenty-First-Century Madrid -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.3 Puente De Vallecas in the Urban Neoliberalism Era -- 3.4 Hard Hand, Soft Hand, and Everything in Between -- 3.5 When Pacification Is Synonymous with Violence Against Activist and/or Racialised Youth -- 3.6 Gangs, Organised Crime, Degradation: The Policy of Expulsion and Its Relationship with Gentrification. The Use and Abuse of the Concept of Neighbourhood Struggle -- 3.7 Conclusions: Street Youth Groups as Urban Frontiers Against Gentrification -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Urban Experience, Youth, Gender and Sexuality in a LGBT Family on the Periphery of São Paulo -- 4.1 The famílias LGBT -- 4.2 The City, the Body and Their Social Markers of Difference -- 4.3 Urban Activisms and the Uses of Space as a Generational Marker -- 4.4 Urban Space, Violence Against LGBTQIA+ Persons and Racialized and Gendered State Terrorism -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: The Street as a Youth Recognition Place for Adult-Centric Expulsion -- 5.1 Introduction: Social Outbreak in Chile.

Chapter 1. Ibero-American Youth Street Cultures in the 21st century: an introduction -- PART I – CITIZENSHIP AND ACTIVISM -- Chapter 2. The urban youth actions for the peace in a connected world -- Chapter 3. Global Marijuana March: youth, justice and inequality in the city of São Paulo -- Chapter 4. LGBTQIA+ youth, families and street protests in Brazil: facing and fighting -- Chapter 5. When the zombies go marching in. Performances in public space, forms of youth organization and mimetic pleasures in Córdoba (Argentina) -- Chapter 6. The street as a youth recognition place to adult-centric expulsions -- PART II – LIMINALITIES AND TRANSGRESSIONS -- Chapter 7. Transnational gangs and their rituals of passage: inhabiting another world -- Chapter 8. Violence, urban art, and youth in the periphery of Medellín -- Chapter 9. Making-city through corporalities: youth agencies and resistances in São Paulo -- PART III – CONSUMPTION, SOCIABILITY AND LUDIC SPACES -- Chapter 10. HEM 26: Youth representations and cultural productions against stigmatization -- Chapter 11. Between the street to the gallery. Trajectories of "pixadores" and graffiti writers in Lisbon and São Paulo -- Chapter 12. From El barrio to La Condesa and back again. Mexico City's Bar staff as youth culture -- Chapter 13. Adolescents in Barcelona: exploring places, exploring nightlife -- PART IV – CREATIVITY AND CULTURAL PRODUCTION -- Chapter 14. 'Not Just Holidays in the Sun'. Mapping, measuring and analysing DIY culture's impact across cities in the Global South -- Chapter 15. K-Popping urban space. Or the uses of the public urban spaces in Santiago de Chile as a way of colonising, exploring and transgressing the city -- Chapter 16. Peripheral Urban Cultures in the City of Rio de Janeiro: Survival Arts -- Chapter 17. DJs from the Ghetto, Lisbon's "Batida Negra": Music, Trajectories and Resistances -- Chapter 18. Epilogue.

FC; Half title; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Introduction: Transglobal Sounds Joäao Sardinha and Ricardo Campos; Part One Music, mobilities and processes of being; 1 Afro-mandinga in Lisbon: Griots and the (en)chantment of the past Carolina Carret Höfs; 2 From Coimbra to London: To live the punk dream 'and meet my tribe' Paula Guerra and Pedro Quintela; Part Two Hybridism and aesthetic creativity; 3 'More than pets of multiculturalism': Diasporic hybridity in Icelandic popular music -- the case of Retro Stefson Gestur Gumundsson and Arnar Eggert Thoroddsen.

Urban art has emerged as a new feature of cities in recent decades. Its wide success as a fresh, youthful, and cosmopolitan artistic movement has elicited the attention of urban planners, who increasingly use it in their strategies for urban development. This artistic expression has been understood as a resource to be used in urban and cultural policymaking, especially when it comes to urban reassessment and marketing. This dynamic is embedded in a paradigm where the arts and culture are increasingly understood as resources for urban development and city marketing. In this article, we draw on qualitative empirical material (interviews, official documents, press releases, websites) from an ongoing research project in the context of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. One of the aims of this project is to analyze the link between local authorities and urban art aiming at understanding existing representations and the kinds of strategies that were put in place for its management. We conclude that largely local authorities use urban art to achieve three main strategic goals: the strategy of "landscape construction and urban reassessment," the strategy of "refashioning the city image/city branding," and the strategy of "social promotion of stigmatized territories and communities."

The following article is the consequence of a collaborative and integrated effort. To ac commodate English language readers, we have translated the first part into English, but have left the second part in Spanish, accompanied by marginal notes in English (the editors).

Resumo Para a juventude o espaço público urbano corresponde a um campo de sociabilidade e de criatividade, utilizado como palco para o desenvolvimento de práticas que se desenrolam fora da alçada das instituições e do adulto. A generalização da internet e dos dispositivos móveis teve impacto na forma como o espaço é hoje vivido e representado pelos jovens. Aquilo que tradicionalmente era entendido pelas ciências sociais como "culturas de rua juvenis" não pode ser hoje pensado como próprio apenas do espaço físico, posto que possui extensão virtual. Referimos, por isso, culturas de rua híbridas, que navegam entre o mundo offline e online. O artigo avalia essa matéria partindo de uma revisão da literatura e de dados de diversos projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos ao longo da última década.