Suchergebnisse

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss how transnational universities create negative and positive social impacts on their host communities and what this means for campus sustainability and the expectation that universities contribute to sustainable development and to their local communities.


Design/methodology/approach
Using mixed methods, a multiple case study approach and qualitative meta-analysis, this study considers six transnational university campuses in China in terms of their relationship with local communities.


Findings
Because of the good reputation of universities generally, local residents tended to accord a social licence to operate (i.e. approval) to new university campuses. However, universities generally do not manage their social impacts, as well as many other industries and generally fail to consider the corporate social responsibility issues and the environmental, social and governance aspects of their activities. To improve their social licence to operate and grow and to meet expectations around "university social responsibility", campus developments should observe key international principles and human rights standards: full disclosure of information; effective community engagement; appropriate resettlement and livelihood restoration; effective harm reduction procedures; provision of local benefits (benefit sharing); monitoring and adaptive management and implement a grievance redress mechanism.


Originality/value
This paper encourages broader thinking about sustainability in a higher education context and about what university social responsibility entails. Specifically, this study argues that the relationship between universities and their host communities also needs to be considered, especially during campus construction.

Through a literature review and a case study, this research reviewed the rural development accompanying the urbanization process in China to summarize the evolution of country-level rural policies at different stages of the urbanization process. The authors state that the evolution of China's urban-rural relationship has gone through five stages (i.e. the initial stage, the take-off stage, the accumulation stage, the urban-rural coordination stage, and the urban-rural integration stage) and has currently entered a period of slowing urbanization growth. However, there are still large differences in the level of urbanization development in various regions. Taking Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang and several regions in central and western China as examples, the different responses of these cities and regions to the central government's policies at different stages of urbanization were compared, as well as the rationality of policy intervention in rural areas. Finally, this paper re-conceptualizes the practice of rural development in the context of China's rapid urbanization and proposes a government intervention development model adapted to the stages of urbanization. Abstrak. Melalui tinjauan literatur dan studi kasus, artikel ini mengulas pembangunan perdesaan dalam proses urbanisasi di Cina, dan merangkum evolusi kebijakan pedesaan tingkat negara pada berbagai tahap urbanisasi. Artikel ini percaya bahwa evolusi hubungan perkotaan-perdesaan China telah melalui lima tahap 'awal, lepas landas, akumulasi, koordinasi perkotaan-perdesaan, integrasi perkotaan-perdesaan' dan secara umum telah memasuki periode pertumbuhan urbanisasi yang melambat. Namun, tingkat perkembangan urbanisasi di berbagai daerah masih relatif besar. Selanjutnya, dengan mengambil contoh Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang dan beberapa wilayah di Cina tengah dan barat, kami membandingkan respons yang berbeda dari daerah pada tahap pembangunan yang berbeda terhadap kebijakan pemerintah pusat serta rasionalitas intervensi ...

Accompanying China's fast urbanization, a paradox arises as rural China is decreasing in population but rural settlements are still expanding in the form of rural housing renovation and increased construction land, especially in migrant-sending areas. The urban-rural dual system in China is blamed as the main cause of this abnormal phenomenon, but as the dual system is fundamental to China's socio-economic development and China's central government adopts institutional reform in a step-by-step fashion, local governments have to work around this dual system. Many municipalities are planning and implementing smart shrinkage of rural settlements and Chengdu is among the best practices in the Chinese context. This research describes the latest SGME (small-scale settlement, group arrangement, micro pastoral scenery and ecological construction) model, which was initiated in 2013 to implement planned consolidation of rural settlements that fits the local development culture. In order to better allocate public service facilities and improve the efficiency of resource supply, six modes of spatial agglomeration are planned to consolidate villages scattered all over Chengdu. The SGME model achieved sound results, but with some problems still awaiting solution, including unsustainable funding and obscure rural characteristics. The findings of this study shed light on the planning of similar areas in other developing economies, especially those with a distinct urban-rural dual system. Abstrak. Seiring urbanisasi yang cepat di Tiongkok, sebuah paradoks muncul ketika populasi perdesaan di Cina berkurang, tetapi permukiman di perdesaan masih berkembang dalam bentuk perumahan perdesaan yang telah direnovasi dan bertambahnya lahan konstruksi, terutama di daerah pengirim migran. Sistem ganda perkotaan-perdesaan di Cina disalahkan sebagai penyebab utama fenomena abnormal ini, tetapi karena sistem ganda ini mendasar bagi perkembangan sosial-ekonomi Tiongkok dan pemerintah Pusat Tiongkok mengadopsi reformasi kelembagaan dengan ...

Abstract. Restricted by political ideology and institutional barriers, the development of rural China has in the past relied heavily on government spending. However, with institutional reform and the development of a market economy, private investment is playing an increasingly important role in rural development, especially in traditional rural villages. Daxi village in Anji County of Zhejiang Province is a typical case. Investment in the Tianhuangping Hydropower Station and the Beautiful Villlages policy supported by the public sector (government and state-owned enterprises) have been important driving forces in attracting private investments in rural tourism and have had a profound impact on the physical, economic and social space of Daxi village. This research used interviews with key subjects, including government officials, non-local investors and returned migrants, and a questionnaire survey among local residents. It was found that with the growth of private investment, location, transportation, natural resources, development policies and superior human resources are the most important factors that drive spatial transformation. Finally, it also offers a discussion on how the Daxi model may shed light on rural development in developing countries with an urban-rural dichotomy.Keywords. spatial transformation, private investment, rural development, Daxi village.Abstrak. Dibatasi oleh ideologi politik dan hambatan institusional, perkembangan pedesaan Cina di masa lalu sangat bergantung pada belanja pemerintah. Namun, dengan reformasi kelembagaan dan pengembangan ekonomi pasar, investasi swasta memainkan peran yang semakin penting dalam pembangunan pedesaan, terutama di desa-desa pedesaan tradisional. Desa Daxi di Kabupaten Anji, Provinsi Zhejiang adalah kasus yang tipikal. Investasi di Stasiun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Tianhuangping dan kebijakan Desa Indah yang didukung oleh sektor publik (pemerintah dan badan usaha milik negara) telah menjadi dorongan yang penting dalam menarik investasi swasta pada ...