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Since the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, women's representation in public offices has grown, although women are still greatly underrepresented in most states & in the national government. The number of women in Congress currently is the highest ever. Women constitute 18% of the state legislatures, 17% of state executives, 9% of county governing boards, & 14% of mayors & city councils. The proportion of women in Congress is about 50% the average for national legislative bodies throughout the world. It is suggested that women's underrepresentation in politics can be explained by political culture, socialization, role conflict, discrimination, & the political structure itself. Current trends, however, are favorable to the continued gradual increase in the number of women in public office. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

ALL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHERS DO NOT AGREE ON THE PROPER DEFINITION OF DEMOCRACY, BUT FOUR CRITERIA HAVE BEEN ADDUCED AS THE MEASURES OF A TRULY DEMOCRATIC REGIME: POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, POLITICAL EQUALITY, POPULAR CONSULTATION, AND MAJORITY RULE.2 ALL GOVERNMENTS CAN BE JUDGED ON THEIR RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF EACH OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS. USING THESE STANDARDS, AS LONG AS ANY GROUPING IN A SOCIETY IS DENIED EQUAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION, THAT SOCIETY FAILS TO MEASURE UP AS A DEMOCRACY. CLEARLY, THE UNDERREPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL OFFICE IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER NATIONS AS WELL CALLS INTO QUESTION THE VERY BASIS OF THEIR CLAIMS TO BE DEMOCRATIC REGIMES. WOMEN FOUGHT HARD TO ACHIEVE THE VERY FOUNDATION OF PARTICIPATION, THE RIGHT TO VOTE. NOW MORE THAN 60 YEARS FOLLOWING THE GRANT OF FEMALE SUFFRAGE, THEY REMAIN DISTINCTLY A MINORITY IN THE HALLS OF GOVERNMENT, BEING ONLY 2 PERCENT OF THE U.S. SENATE, 4 PERCENT OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 14 PERCENT OF STATE LEGISLATURES, AND 20 PERCENT OF CITY COUNCILS IN LARGE URBAN AREAS.3 FOLLOWING THE ADVENT OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN THE 1960S AND 1970S, ACTIVISTS AND SCHOLARS ALIKE HAVE DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT INTEREST IN THE CAUSES OF THE LOW LEVELS OF FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. SEVERAL EXPLANATIONS HAVE BEEN OFFERED AND MANY STUDIES HAVE LOOKED AT THE IMPACT OF SUCH FACTORS AS SEX-ROLE SPECIALIZATION, SOCIALIZATION, THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHILD BEARING AND REARING, THE LOW LEVEL OF POLITIPY: 1984

This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran M. S. Mckee, 1831-1926 dated from 1906. ; All descriptive lists and service records in this United Confederate (Civil War) Veterans manuscript collection believed to be based out of Robert E. Lee Camp #158 of the United Confederate Veterans (Fort Worth, Tex.). ; The Southwest Collection Manuscript Record can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00119/tsw-00119.html ; 1 leaf, 2 pdf pages.

Intro -- Series Editor's Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Chapter Overviews -- 2 Contextual, Argumentative, and Theoretical Introductions -- Indianapolis and Shortridge High School Circa 1900 -- Shortridge High School -- Contributions to Understanding the Development of Civic Education -- Theoretical Framings -- 3 The Context of Civic Education in the United States Around 1900 -- The Americanization Movement and Civic Education -- Civic Groups Interested in Civic Education -- The Creation of the Social Studies -- The Rise of Curriculum Ideologies -- Donnan, Dunn, and Shortridge as Illustration of the Progressive Era -- 4 Laura Donnan -- Early Life and Influences -- Education and Early Teaching Positions -- School Life -- Professional Life Outside of Shortridge -- Civic Life -- Epistemology and Worldview -- 5 Civic Education at Shortridge High School -- The NEA Speech 1889 -- Primary Source and Text Analysis -- Discussion and Deliberation -- Experiential and Place-Based Learning -- Inquiry-Based Instruction -- Simulation -- The Extracurriculum -- Civic Education at Shortridge -- Decision Making -- Pluralism and Civil Rights -- Civic Activism -- Social Science -- Values and Moral Development -- Final Thoughts on Civic Education at Shortridge -- 6 The Extracurriculum of Shortridge High School -- The Extracurriculum in Turn-of-the-Century Schools -- The Extracurriculum at Shortridge -- Donnan's Extracurriculars -- The Shortridge Senate -- The Daily Echo -- Significance of Extracurriculum at Shortridge -- 7 Arthur Dunn at Shortridge 1900-1910 -- Arthur Dunn Before Shortridge: A Clarification of the Literature -- Arrival at Shortridge High School -- Dunn's "Progressive" Teaching in History and Geography, Not Civics -- Connection to National Municipal League-1905 -- Dunn's Emergence as Civic Expert in Indianapolis-1906.

"Preparing for War examines historical changes in the ways American army officers have thought about and prepared for war. In 1815, most officers regarded innate "genius" as the paramount professional quality. So while the still new academy at West Point might impart useful technical knowledge of gunnery or engineering or drill manuals could standardize tactical commands and formations, officers felt that the most important elements of their trade were beyond the ability of formal institutions to instill or improve. By 1917, Progressive Era concepts of professionalism and organization had infiltrated the army, leading to a new way of preparing for war that included an expanded system of professional schools, realistic field training, and prescriptive tactical doctrine."--

Chapter 1. Establishing context -- chapter 2. From Revolution to World War II -- chapter 3. World War II -- chapter 4. Beginning the Cold War -- chapter 5. The heyday : 1953-1961 -- chapter 6. Challenging times : 1961-1973 -- chapter 7. New rules, new challenges : 1974-1981 -- chapter 8. Agreements and disagreements : 1981-1989 -- chapter 9. New presidents, new rules : 1989-2001 -- chapter 10. A changed game -- chapter 11. New president, continuing challenges.

This book offers a practical guide to the most pressing ethical issues faced by those working in food manufacturing and associated industries. Early chapters look at the fundamentals of ethical thinking and how lessons of medical ethics might be applied to the food industry. The book then addresses some issues specifically relevant to the food industry, including treatment of animals; the use of genetically modified organisms; food product advertising; health claims and sustainability. Several further chapters present case studies which show how ethical thinking can be applied in real life examples.This volume should be on the desk of every food industry professional responsible for important decisions about science, marketing, resources, sustainability, the environment and people.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. What Are We Talking About? -- Chapter 2. How Do We Get Intelligence? -- Chapter 3. What Does It Mean? -- Chapter 4. How Do We Protect Ourselves? -- Chapter 5. What If We Don't Want to Be Seen? -- Chapter 6. Where Do We Go from Here? -- Appendix I: Biographies -- Appendix II: Key Documents -- Chronology of Events -- Glossary -- Annotated Bibliography -- Index.