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International audience ; Le programme militaire de création des « villages stratégiques » – qui émerge au début de la guerre froide – a pour objectif la création d'espaces urbains ex nihilo pour y déplacer la population rurale qui habite dans des zones sous influence de groupes guérilleros. Cet article analyse le Plan de relogement rural mené dans la province argentine de Tucumán (1976-1978) qui a donné naissance à quatre villages stratégiques. Quelles sont les reconfigurations que ce programme a produites dans l'espace social et quelles sont celles qui perdurent ? Comment se déroule la vie quotidienne au sein de ces espaces où monde militaire et monde civil coexistent ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques d'un espace urbain pensé et conçu pour empêcher les populations de soutenir la guérilla ? L'analyse d'entretiens approfondis réalisés avec des habitants des villages stratégiques de Tucumán permet d'examiner l'impact social et politique de l'urbanisation forcée comme technique de contre-insurrection.

International audience Military dictatorships and armed conflicts delineate the history of Latin America over the last four decades. Dead bodies were produced en masse before being confiscated , concealed or destroyed by those who carried out the crimes. Today, some of these corpses are being exhumed and identified. This special issue aims to specify and understand the challenges this process of exhumation represents for Latin American states, namely, the social and political life of these exhumed corpses in democratic post-conflict societies, the possible performance of sovereignty that these dead bodies can activate and, in a broader context, the impact that the presence of corpses may have on the community of the living.Exhumations in Latin America gathers five different contributions, each enlightening particular aspects of the exhumation process in Guatemala, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay and Colombia, respectively. In the case of Guatemala, Clara Duterme explores this process as an element of 'transitional justice' in which tensions between different social actors arise. If community associations, governmental actors and victims all share the pursuit of justice as a common goal, their understanding of what compensation and reparation mean is not uniform. Departing from the discourse of local actors, Duterme focuses on concrete forms of compensation , showing how 'local justice' is sometimes more effective than legal justice. Exploring a distinct form of tensions occurring in Argentina, Laura Panizo analyses the impact of the exhumed corpses of the disappeared on the living bodies of the families and of the scientific investigators. The article analyses different conflicts that emerge when people cohabit with the 'reappeared' corpses. Moreover, digging into her personal experience, Panizo reflects on the extent to which her own body was, and is, affected by cohabitation with the exhumed corpses of the victims.

International audience ; Military dictatorships and armed conflicts delineate the history of Latin America over the last four decades. Dead bodies were produced en masse before being confiscated , concealed or destroyed by those who carried out the crimes. Today, some of these corpses are being exhumed and identified. This special issue aims to specify and understand the challenges this process of exhumation represents for Latin American states, namely, the social and political life of these exhumed corpses in democratic post-conflict societies, the possible performance of sovereignty that these dead bodies can activate and, in a broader context, the impact that the presence of corpses may have on the community of the living.Exhumations in Latin America gathers five different contributions, each enlightening particular aspects of the exhumation process in Guatemala, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay and Colombia, respectively. In the case of Guatemala, Clara Duterme explores this process as an element of 'transitional justice' in which tensions between different social actors arise. If community associations, governmental actors and victims all share the pursuit of justice as a common goal, their understanding of what compensation and reparation mean is not uniform. Departing from the discourse of local actors, Duterme focuses on concrete forms of compensation , showing how 'local justice' is sometimes more effective than legal justice. Exploring a distinct form of tensions occurring in Argentina, Laura Panizo analyses the impact of the exhumed corpses of the disappeared on the living bodies of the families and of the scientific investigators. The article analyses different conflicts that emerge when people cohabit with the 'reappeared' corpses. Moreover, digging into her personal experience, Panizo reflects on the extent to which her own body was, and is, affected by cohabitation with the exhumed corpses of the victims.

International audience ; Military dictatorships and armed conflicts delineate the history of Latin America over the last four decades. Dead bodies were produced en masse before being confiscated , concealed or destroyed by those who carried out the crimes. Today, some of these corpses are being exhumed and identified. This special issue aims to specify and understand the challenges this process of exhumation represents for Latin American states, namely, the social and political life of these exhumed corpses in democratic post-conflict societies.

Introduction: the multi-layered memories of space / Pamela Colombo and Estela Schindel -- Spatial inscriptions of annihilation. Violent erasuresá and erasingá violence: contesting Cambodia's landscapes of violence / James A. Tyner -- Polish landscapes of memory at the sites of extermination: the politics of framing / Zuzanna Dziuban -- Spaces of confrontation and defeat: the spatial dispossession of the revolution in Tucuman, Argentina / Pamela Colombo -- Subterranean autopsies: exhumations of mass graves in contemporary Spain / Francisco Ferrandiz -- The representation of violence: spatial strategies. Faces, voices, and the shadow of catastrophe / Jay Winter -- Theatrical cartography of a space of exception / Juan Mayorga -- "The cartographer. Warsaw, 1:400.000" by Juan Mayorga in its first English translation / by Sarah Maitland -- "All limits were exceeded over there": the chronotopeof terror in modern warfare and testimony / Kirsten Mahlke -- The concentration camp and the "unhomely home": the disappearance of children in post-dicatorship Argentine theatre / Mariana Eva Perez -- Haunted spaces, irrupting memories. "The whole country is a monument": framing places of terror in postwar Germany / Aleida Assmann -- Haunted houses, horror literature and the space of memory in post-dictatorship Argentine literature / Silvana Mandolessi -- Counter-movement, space, and politics: how the Saturday mothers of Turkey make the enforced disappearances visible / Meltem Aahska -- An orderly landscape of remnants: notes for reflecting on the spatiality of the disappeared / Gabriel Gatti -- A boundless grave: memory and abjection of the Rio de la Plata / Estela Schindel -- Spaces of exception, power and resistance. Spatialities of exception / Pilar Calveiro -- Imaginary cities, violence and memory: a literary mapping / Gudrun Rath -- Occupied squares and the urban "state of exception": in, against and beyond the city of enclaves / Stavros Stavrides -- "Memory, that powerful political force": interview with David Harvey

This volume offers a variety of perspectives on the relation between violence, memory and space. Focusing on enforced disappearances and genocide as violent practices aimed at destroying and erasing the traces of the 'enemy', the contributions gathered inquire about the manifold spatial strategies of domination and violence, but also about the powers of memory, resistance and transformation. The originality and core contribution of this book lies in the dialogue it establishes between memory studies, on the one hand, and critical studies of space on the other. The bridging of these academic fields opens up a fertile and, to a large extent, unexplored research area. The volume brings together young academics and prominent international scholars from a variety of disciplinary fields, including Geography, Sociology, Political Science, Philosophy, Literature, Cultural Studies, Architecture and Theatre Studies. The authors engage with the spatial deployment of past and present violence in Argentina, Cambodia, Germany, Greece, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the United States. The chapters include original contributions by renowned authors Aleida Assmann and Jay Winter, transcripts of an interview with the eminent geographer David Harvey and fragments of the play The Cartographer. Warsaw, 1:400,000, by the acclaimed Spanish playwright Juan Mayorga, in its first English translation.

Résumé Pour produire une profonde reconfiguration sociopolitique, la dictature civilo-militaire en Argentine (1976-1983) n'a pas seulement mis en œuvre un système de disparition forcée des personnes, elle a également essayé une réorganisation territoriale et urbaine au niveau national. Nous nous intéressons ici à l'un de ces programmes : la création de villages stratégiques . Notre recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment l'État met en œuvre des projets d'ingénierie sociale dans lesquels la réinvention spatiale de territoires périphériques a pour objectif de modifier radicalement un groupe social ainsi que la situation économico-politique de la zone concernée. Pour cela, nous analysons la création du village Fuerte Esperanza dans la Province du Chaco, dans le cadre de ce qui a été appelé la « Campagne de l'Ouest » déployée dans la région de « El Impenetrable » (1976-1980). Nous démontrons comment la création de Fuerte Esperanza, sous couvert d'un programme dit de « développement », avait aussi une fonction de contre-insurrection. Nous essayons de comprendre et de déconstruire les discours et les pratiques autour de ces types de programmes d'« action civique militaire ». De plus, nous soutenons pour la première fois qu'il existe des continuités entre la création de ce village et d'autres programmes similaires de la même époque en Argentine (principalement dans la province de Tucumán).

En este texto introductorio del número especial "Erradicación de villas, resistencia popular y regímenes autoritarios en América Latina" que, junto con el número "Regímenes autoritarios, nuevas geografías y espacios de vida en América Latina", constituye una unidad problemática acerca de los vínculos entre el terrorismo de Estado y las políticas espaciales. El interés por el aspecto constructivo de la violencia permite entender que el alcance de las políticas represivas no se limita a la mera destrucción, sino que la construcción y modificación de la misma infraestructura también ofrecen vías de acceso para comprender el alcance de las políticas llevadas a cabo por los regímenes autoritarios. Este texto introduce los artículos que a partir de casos de Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil, analizan algunos aspectos acerca de las políticas que los gobiernos militares tuvieron hacia los asentamientos informales y sus habitantes. En esta introducción presentamos las principales características que atraviesan las políticas que aquí se analizan: (i) Un rechazo por parte de los regímenes militares hacia las villas y los villeros que precede y excede a los gobiernos militares. (ii) La representación de las villas como un problema a resolver y no como síntoma de un proceso más amplio. (iii) La estigmatización de los habitantes de los asentamientos informales. (iv) La representación de los asentamientos informales como lugares malsanos y anómalos. (v) Un discurso moral de rechazo hacia las villas y los villeros que excede a las autoridades e involucra los medios de comunicación y otros sectores de la sociedad. Posteriormente, este texto introductorio identifica y desarrolla tres principales discusiones que aportan los trabajos que se presentan en el dossier: Primero, la larga duración y las formas heterogéneas en que se han construido los discursos gubernamentales y las políticas frente a los asentamientos informales. Segundo, las especificidades en las formas de erradicación y la dimensión destructiva de la violencia de Estado hacia los barrios populares. Tercero, la historicidad de los asentamientos populares desde la perspectiva de sus propios habitantes, lo que constituye un cambio de punto de observación, pero también de escala que habilita la pregunta por la densidad de las experiencias personales y colectivas de organización para la gestión popular del hábitat. ; Fil: Salamanca Villamizar, Carlos Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina ; Fil: Colombo, Pamela. École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Francia