Suchergebnisse

Mesmo em nossa era da globalização, os estudos de história da memória tendem a reforçar a categoria de nação. Isso vale também para as interpretações das diferentes maneiras pelas quais a Alemanha Ocidental e o Japão lidaram com suas próprias atrocidades e derrotas na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Frequentemente, os historiadores opõem o engajamento crítico com o passado recente na Alemanha à recusa japonesa em reconhecer, no pós-guerra, suas próprias responsabilidades. A causa desses desenvolvimentos divergentes é, segundo essa linha de raciocínio, invariavelmente encontrada na história interna desses dois países quando não na psique coletiva alemã e na japonesa. Em contrapartida, este artigo argumenta que debates sobre memória não se desenrolam em isolamento nacional, e que suas diferentes trajetórias precisam ser situadas em um contexto global.

When European clocks first arrived in seventeenth-century Japan they generated a commotion. The highly complex but also very precise instruments had been brought to Nagasaki by the Dutch East India Company that monopolized the sparse and highly regulated trade between Japan and Europe for more than two centuries. As an expression of the technological sophistication achieved in early modern Europe, mechanical clocks were hi-tech products of their time. They operated with a spring to store the energy, and their making required highly developed skills in casting and metalwork. The new technology made it possible to emancipate the measurement of time from sunshine and to achieve an evenness of temporal rhythms, not only during the day, but also at night.

"Lange hatte die Erforschung und Deutung der Geschichte der Welt einen Flucht-punkt: den 'Westen' - Europa und Nordamerika als Standard jeglicher Entwicklung. Seit Ende des Kalten Krieges sind jedoch zahlreiche alternative Ansprüche auf kognitive Zugänge zum Weltgeschehen formuliert worden." (Autorenreferat)

AbstractBetween 1895 and 1945 Japan assembled one of the largest empires in modern world history. It vanished abruptly in the summer of 1945 at the end of the Second World War, and seemed to leave no trace in public consciousness. Historians, too, have portrayed postwar Japan as characterized by a virtual erasure of the imperial past. This article draws on recent scholarship to argue that things were more complicated than that. While references to the imperial past indeed dwindled after about 1960, immediate forgetting did not exhaust the reactions by individuals and interest groups. Some social milieus experienced the dissolution of the empire much more profoundly than official discourse would suggest. Since the mid-1990s, Japan's imperial past has reemerged as a major field of historical inquiry and a more general concern in public debate. In this article I situate the dialectic of remembering and forgetting within larger processes and transformations of the postwar order in East Asia, in particular the American occupation and the emergence of the Cold War.

"Der Beitrag bestimmt die Begriffe des Kolonialismus und Postkolonialismus und erläutert ihre unterschiedlichen Dimensionen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Besonderheiten des modernen Kolonialismus." (Autorenreferat)