Suchergebnisse

This article focuses on recent drug enforcement policies (1995-2003) applied to road safety. Drawing attention to drug screening tests, the paper analyzes recent changes in public administration in this area of interest. This approach enables to show that the measurement process of instruments usage varies according to a number of criteria : scientific knowledge, modes of promoting the issue (to which tests are meant to respond) as well as changes in political forces at stake. However, political prospect and political antagonism to a larger extent account for the conditional stabilization of instruments usage. Indeed, the latter organize long-term drug enforcement public action. ; En mettant l'accent sur les instruments de dépistage des drogues, cet article analyse les changements intervenus dans l'action publique en matière de lutte contre l'insécurité routière liée à la consommation de stupéfiants, entre 1995 et 2003. Cette approche permet de montrer que le processus d'inflexion de l'usage des instruments varie selon l'état des connaissances scientifiques, les modes de publicisation du problème (auquel les tests sont censés répondre) et le changement des rapports de force politiques. Pourtant, la stabilisation circonstancielle d'un mode d'usage des instruments, si elle résulte en partie d'une opportunité politique, s'explique également par des oppositions politiques qui structurent sur un plus long terme l'action publique du secteur.

Depuis le milieu des années 1990, la question de la pollution de l'air dans les lieux d'habitation s'est introduite en toute discrétion dans l'agenda politique et médiatique français. Confiné en périphérie du marché hautement concurrentiel des problèmes de santé publique, dominé par des « scandales » comme celui de l'amiante, le problème de l'exposition prolongée des habitants aux polluants domestiques fait l'objet d'un traitement médiatique relativement faible qui relève pour l'essentiel du registre didactique ou pédagogique. Pris en charge par des journalistes non spécialisés et occasionnels, le problème échoue généralement dans des rubriques qui, d'un point de vue journalistique, occupent des places secondaires (santé, environnement, bien-être, maison). Le présent article s'attache à rendre compte des conditions sociales du confinement médiatique de cet enjeu, pourtant décrit par certains comme un « fléau sanitaire » participant d'une inquiétante épidémie de maladies chroniques. Cette enquête sur la carrière du problème de l'air intérieur dans la presse française entre 1995 et 2015 repose sur l'analyse d'un corpus de publications écrites et audiovisuelles (n=746) et une campagne d'entretiens auprès de journalistes et de « communicants » ayant travaillé à publiciser cet enjeu (n=16). L'analyse des données permet de saisir quelques-uns des mécanismes qui assurent l'exposition médiatique contrôlée des publics à ce problème : d'une part, les rapports inégaux entre les journalistes et leurs sources (scientifiques, institutionnelles, administratives, politiques, etc.), qui contribuent à les entretenir dans un rôle de relais des politiques sanitaires ; d'autre part, des tendances propres au champ journalistique, telles que les transformations des conditions de production de l'information et de travail des journalistes dans un contexte de renforcement des logiques économiques et de montée en puissance d'une communication institutionnelle elle-même soumise à la contrainte médiatique.

International audience ; Since the mid-1990s, the issue of indoor air pollution has discreetly made its way onto French political and media agendas. Confined to the periphery of the highly-competitive public health problem market, the issue of the long-term exposure of inhabitants to household pollutants receives little media coverage, and even that is predominantly didactic and educational in nature. Covered by non-specialist and occasional journalists, the problem generally appears in sections of secondary importance from a journalistic point of view. The current article analyses the social conditions of the media confinement of this issue, paradoxically described by some analysts as a "sanitary scourge" that may play a role in a worrying epidemic of chronic diseases. This inquiry into the career taken by the indoor air problem in French media between 1995 and 2015 is based on the analysis of a corpus of written and audiovisual publications (n=746) and a campaign of interviews with journalists and communicators having worked to publicize this issue (n=16). Data provides us with a better understanding of the mechanisms ensuring that media exposure of this problem to the public remains tightly controlled: on the one hand, the unequal relationships between journalists and their sources which helps reduce their role to that of mere relayers of public health policy, and on the other, the specific dynamics at work within the journalistic field. These include transformations in the conditions of information production and the work of journalists in a context of reinforced economic pressures and the rising influence of public communication.

International audience ; Since the mid-1990s, the issue of indoor air pollution has discreetly made its way onto French political and media agendas. Confined to the periphery of the highly-competitive public health problem market, the issue of the long-term exposure of inhabitants to household pollutants receives little media coverage, and even that is predominantly didactic and educational in nature. Covered by non-specialist and occasional journalists, the problem generally appears in sections of secondary importance from a journalistic point of view. The current article analyses the social conditions of the media confinement of this issue, paradoxically described by some analysts as a "sanitary scourge" that may play a role in a worrying epidemic of chronic diseases. This inquiry into the career taken by the indoor air problem in French media between 1995 and 2015 is based on the analysis of a corpus of written and audiovisual publications (n=746) and a campaign of interviews with journalists and communicators having worked to publicize this issue (n=16). Data provides us with a better understanding of the mechanisms ensuring that media exposure of this problem to the public remains tightly controlled: on the one hand, the unequal relationships between journalists and their sources which helps reduce their role to that of mere relayers of public health policy, and on the other, the specific dynamics at work within the journalistic field. These include transformations in the conditions of information production and the work of journalists in a context of reinforced economic pressures and the rising influence of public communication.

International audience ; Since the mid-1990s, the issue of indoor air pollution has discreetly made its way onto French political and media agendas. Confined to the periphery of the highly-competitive public health problem market, the issue of the long-term exposure of inhabitants to household pollutants receives little media coverage, and even that is predominantly didactic and educational in nature. Covered by non-specialist and occasional journalists, the problem generally appears in sections of secondary importance from a journalistic point of view. The current article analyses the social conditions of the media confinement of this issue, paradoxically described by some analysts as a "sanitary scourge" that may play a role in a worrying epidemic of chronic diseases. This inquiry into the career taken by the indoor air problem in French media between 1995 and 2015 is based on the analysis of a corpus of written and audiovisual publications (n=746) and a campaign of interviews with journalists and communicators having worked to publicize this issue (n=16). Data provides us with a better understanding of the mechanisms ensuring that media exposure of this problem to the public remains tightly controlled: on the one hand, the unequal relationships between journalists and their sources which helps reduce their role to that of mere relayers of public health policy, and on the other, the specific dynamics at work within the journalistic field. These include transformations in the conditions of information production and the work of journalists in a context of reinforced economic pressures and the rising influence of public communication.

International audience ; Since the mid-1990s, the issue of indoor air pollution has discreetly made its way onto French political and media agendas. Confined to the periphery of the highly-competitive public health problem market, the issue of the long-term exposure of inhabitants to household pollutants receives little media coverage, and even that is predominantly didactic and educational in nature. Covered by non-specialist and occasional journalists, the problem generally appears in sections of secondary importance from a journalistic point of view. The current article analyses the social conditions of the media confinement of this issue, paradoxically described by some analysts as a "sanitary scourge" that may play a role in a worrying epidemic of chronic diseases. This inquiry into the career taken by the indoor air problem in French media between 1995 and 2015 is based on the analysis of a corpus of written and audiovisual publications (n=746) and a campaign of interviews with journalists and communicators having worked to publicize this issue (n=16). Data provides us with a better understanding of the mechanisms ensuring that media exposure of this problem to the public remains tightly controlled: on the one hand, the unequal relationships between journalists and their sources which helps reduce their role to that of mere relayers of public health policy, and on the other, the specific dynamics at work within the journalistic field. These include transformations in the conditions of information production and the work of journalists in a context of reinforced economic pressures and the rising influence of public communication.

As a knowledge condensed into a technique worked out in biology, applied in medicine and guaranteed by laws on bioethics, the HIV test is a 'hot' topic. The demand for this test is strong in many sectors having to do with risk assessment: employment, the prevention of occupational risks, insurance, etc. The ways this test has been put to use in France and the United States are compared in the field of employment. This test is part of quite distinct public regulations in each land: its uses are defined, in France, through agreements by sector but, in the United States, by law in a 'globalizing' fashion. Differences in how this test has been used are interpreted as the consequence of its social-technical properties and of the private/public levels of action wherein it is run. ; L'étude des trajectoires comparées du test VIH en France et aux États-Unis dans le domaine de l'emploi fait apparaître une différence de ses formes d'appropriation juridique, qui dépend à la fois de ses propriétés sociotechniques et des registres d'action dans lequel il se trouve inséré. Cadré progressivement par voie législative et de manière globale comme handicap aux États-Unis, par voie sectorielle et conventionnelle et comme inaptitude en France, le test s'inscrit donc dans des modes de régulation publique distincts.

L'étude des trajectoires comparées du test VIH en France et aux États-Unis dans le domaine de l'emploi fait apparaître une différence de ses formes d'appropriation juridique, qui dépend à la fois de ses propriétés sociotechniques et des registres d'action dans lequel il se trouve inséré. Cadré progressivement par voie législative et de manière globale comme handicap aux États-Unis, par voie sectorielle et conventionnelle et comme inaptitude en France, le test s'inscrit donc dans des modes de régulation publique distincts.

Le recours aux substances psychoactives a gagné le monde professionnel. Entretien avec Gladys Lutz, docteur en Psychologie du travail, présidente de l'association Addictologie et travail (Additra) et Renaud Crespin, docteur en science politique et chargé de recherche CNRS au Centre de sociologie des organisations.

Le recours aux substances psychoactives a gagné le monde professionnel. Entretien avec Gladys Lutz, docteur en Psychologie du travail, présidente de l'association Addictologie et travail (Additra) et Renaud Crespin, docteur en science politique et chargé de recherche CNRS au Centre de sociologie des organisations.