Suchergebnisse

Examines the extensive domination of the political process, elections, society, and societal institutions by the political parties, absence of democracy within the parties, and professionalization of politics; Spain.

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción.—2. La libertad religiosa como derecho fundamental: sus caracteres diferenciadores.—3. El reconocimiento jurídico relevante del hecho religioso como quiebra del principio de igualdad social.— 4. De la libertad religiosa a la libertad crítico-religiosa: las concepciones no fideistas como formas de la libertad religiosa. — 5. El reconocimiento constitucional español de la libertad religiosa en el contexto del Derecho Comparado.—6. Precisiones de la doctrina jurídica en torno al principio de libertad religiosa y las relaciones Iglesia-Estado.—7. Los principios configuradores de la libertad religiosa en el Derecho español: libertad religiosa, igualdad religiosa, cooperación y orden público.—8. Los aspectos puntuales de la limitación del principio de igualdad religiosa.—8.1. Los límites al principio de igualdad religiosa a nivel constitucional: las relaciones de cooperación y la referencia a la Iglesia católica.— 8.2. Los límites al principio de igualdad religiosa en el ámbito jurídico.—8.3. Los límites al principio de igualdad religiosa en el ámbito económico.—8.4. Los límites al principio de igualdad religiosa en el ámbito fiscal.—8.5. Los límites al principio de igualdad religiosa en el ámbito institucional.—9. El principio de orden público: límite del principio de libertad religiosa. —10. Conclusiones.—11. Propuestas de «lege ferenda».

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1812 ; La iniciativa de una renta básica para los ciudadanos está calando en la opinión pública e incluso la agenda de los políticos. En España se ha creado al efecto recientemente una Subcomisión en el Parlamento. Tras la presentación de propuesta de la renta básica por el presidente de la Red Renta Básica de España y la dirección de RIPP, se entrevista a varios expertos en el tema, de diversas tendencias e ideologías, preguntándoles por los argumentos favorables y contrarios a la iniciativa, los precedentes teóricos y las posibilidades de su reconocimiento jurídico. ; The initiative of a basic income for Spanish citizens is gaining momentum in the public opinion. It has even entered in the agendas of decision-makers. A Parliamentary Sub-Commission has recently been created for that purpose in Spain. A presentation of the proposal on the basic income by the President of the Basic Income Network of Spain and the Direction of RIPP is firstly offered. Secondly, a series of experts, from diverse political orientations and ideologies, are interviewed. They are questioned about an array of arguments against and in favor of this initiative, its theoretical precedents and the possibilitiesof its legal recognition. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

The initiative of a basic income for Spanish citizens is gaining momentum in the public opinion. It has even entered in the agendas of decision-makers. A Parliamentary Sub-Commission has recently been created for that purpose in Spain. A presentation of the proposal on the basic income by the President of the Basic Income Network of Spain and the Direction of RIPP is firstly offered. Secondly, a series of experts, from diverse political orientations and ideologies, are interviewed. They are questioned about an array of arguments against and in favor of this initiative, its theoretical precedents and the possibilitiesof its legal recognition. ; La iniciativa de una renta básica para los ciudadanos está calando en la opinión pública e incluso la agenda de los políticos. En España se ha creado al efecto recientemente una Subcomisión en el Parlamento. Tras la presentación de propuesta de la renta básica por el presidente de la Red Renta Básica de España y la dirección de RIPP, se entrevista a varios expertos en el tema, de diversas tendencias e ideologías, preguntándoles por los argumentos favorables y contrarios a la iniciativa, los precedentes teóricos y las posibilidades de su reconocimiento jurídico.

Manuel Jesús López Baroni trata de una cuestión muy novedosa: la pregunta sobre si estas inteligencias poseen derechos, lo que comportaría trasladar a este ámbito el concepto de subjetividad jurídica; ya dio lugar a críticas el tránsito de la subjetividad jurídica desde la persona física a las instituciones; es previsible que ahora las críticas arrecien con más fuerza. El autor habla de las distintas interpretaciones del concepto de inteligencia artificial, lo cual atañe a la relación entre inteligencia artificial y derechos humanos, ya que aquélla puede ser concebida como sujeto activo y/o sujeto pasivo de derechos conforme va avanzando el desarrollo de la tecnología. Isabel Lucena Cid sobre el mismo objeto de análisis explica las directrices éticas de la Comisión Europea en relación con la inteligencia artificial. Advierte que la inteligencia artificial nos obliga a preguntarnos no solo por el impacto de ésta sobre nuestras vidas, sino cómo será ese impacto en una valoración de beneficios-riesgos

Following the original interpretation of the Shapley value (Shapley, 1953a) as a priori evaluation of the prospects of a player in a multi-person iteraction situation, we propose a group value, which we call the Shapley group value, as a priori evaluation of the prospects of a group of players in a coalitional game when acting as a unit. We study its properties and we give an axiomatic characterization. We motivate our proposal by means of some relevant applications of the Shapley group value, when it is used as an objective function by a decision maker who is trying to identify an optimal group of agents in a framework in which agents interact and the attained benefit can be modeled by means of a transferable utility game. As an illustrative example we analyze the problem of identifying the set of key agents in a terrorist network. ; This research has been supported by I+D+i research project MTM2011-27892 from the Government of Spain

We propose a new type of values for cooperative TU-games, which we call pyramidal values. Assuming that the grand coalition is sequentially formed, and all orderings are equally likely, we define a pyramidal value to be any expected payoff in which the entrant player receives a salary and the right to get part of the benefits derived from subsequent incorporations to the just formed coalition, whereas the remaining benefit is distributed among the incumbent players. To be specific, we consider some parametric families of pyramidal values: the egalitarian pyramidal family, which coincides with the a-consensus value family introduced by Ju et al. in (2007), the proportional pyramidal family, and the weighted pyramidal family, which in turn includes the other two families as special cases. We also analyze the properties of these families, as well as their relationships with other previously defined values. ; This research has been supported by I+D+i research project MTM2011-27892 from the Government of Spain.

This paper is centered in the valuation of the centrality of groups following aproblem-specific approach (Friedkin, 1991). Assuming a TU-game that reflects theinterests which motivate the interactions among individuals in a network, we extend thegame theoretic centrality measure of Gomez et al. (2003) to the case of groups, anddefine the game theoretic group centrality of a group as the variation of its value orpower due to their social relations. We rely on the Shapley group value (Flores et al.,2014) for measuring the value of a group in a game without any restriction, and weintroduce the Myerson group value in order to measure the value when the socialstructure is considered. ; This research has been supported by I+D+i research project MTM2011-27892 from the Government of Spain

P. 16-30 ; This paper shows the lack of standard procedures to audit e-voting systems and also describes a practical process of auditing an e-voting experience based on a Direct-recording Electronic system (D.R.E). This system has been tested in a real situation, in the city council of Coahuila, Mexico, in November 2008. During the auditing, several things were kept in mind, in particular those critical in complex contexts, as democratic election processes are. The auditing process is divided into three main complementary stages: analysis of voting protocol, analysis of polling station hardware elements, and analysis of the software involved. Each stage contains several items which have to be analyzed at low level with the aim to detect and resolve possible security problems ; SI