Suchergebnisse

"We are, all of us, everywhere, always, enmeshed in a web of rules and constraints. Rules fix the beginning and end of the working day and the school year, direct the ebb and flow of traffic on the roads, dictate who can be married to whom and how, place the fork to the right or the left of the plate, lay down the meter and rhyme scheme of a Petrarchan sonnet, and order the rites of birth and death. Cultures notoriously differ as to the content of their rules, but there is no culture without rules. In this book, historian of science Lorraine Daston adopts a long term perspective for studying rules from diverse sources, including monastic orders, cookbooks, and mathematical algorithms. She argues that in the Western tradition most rules can be characterized as one of the following: tools of measurement and calculation, models or paradigms, or laws. Moreover, they exist on spectra from specific to general, flexible to rigid and the specific-to-general, and universal-to-particular. In investigating how rules work, how they don't work, how they've changed across time, and why exceptions are necessary, Daston paints a vivid picture of Western civilization from the antiquity to the present."--

"This book explores the ways in which scientific objects are both real and historical. Whether discovered or invented, objects of inquiry broaden and deepen in meaning -- growing more 'real' -- as they become entangled in webs of cultural signficance, material practices, and theoretical derivations. Thus their biographies will matter to anyone concerned with the formation of scientific knowledge and with the reconciliation of ontology and history."--Back cover

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- PART I: THE PERSONALITY OF ASSOCIATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hobbes and the person of the commonwealth -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- 3 Gierke and the Genossenschaft -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- VII -- 4 Trusts and sovereigns -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- PART II: POLITICAL PLURALISM -- 5 Maitland and the real personality of associations -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- 6 Figgis and the communitas communitatum -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- 7 Barker and the discredited state -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- 8 Cole and guild socialism -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- 9 Laski and political pluralism -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- 10 The return of the state -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- PART III: THE PERSONALITY OF THE STATE -- 11 The mask of personality -- 12 The mask of the group -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- 13 The mask of the state -- I -- II -- 14 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on translation -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction. Rousseau in a Genevan context -- Rousseau and Geneva in previous scholarship -- Some methodological and conceptual assumptions -- 1 The formation of a "citizen of Geneva -- Rousseau's Geneva -- Genevan Calvinism in the eighteenth century -- Socio-economic and political developments -- Rousseau's childhood -- The political education of a watchmaker's son -- The religious education of Jean-Jacques -- Rousseau, the "anti-Genevan," 1728-1749 -- The reborn Genevan, 1749 -- 2 Rousseau becomes Rousseau, 1751-1754. Geneva, doux commerce, and Rousseau from the First to the Second Discourse -- The theory of doux commerce -- Mandeville -- Melon -- Montesquieu -- Hume -- Critics of the First Discourse: King Stanislas, Gautier, and Bordes on doux commerce -- Rousseau's response to his critics, 1751-1753 -- Doux commerce in the Second Discourse -- Pride and vanity in the Dedication -- 3 Rousseau and natural law: the context -- The modern natural law school: Grotius, Pufendorf, Barbeyrac, and Burlamaqui -- Sociability and self-love -- The social contract -- The political debate in Geneva -- 1707 -- The patriciate on assemblies, tribunes, and taxes, 1712-1717 -- Antoine Leger (1652-1719), "father of the bourgeois opposition -- Antoine Leger on Church and State -- Antoine Leger on justice, utility, and perfectibility -- The "Anonymous Letters," IJI8 -- The patrician-natural law school alliance -- The Representations of 1734 -- The patrician response: the memoires and the Rapport des commissaires -- Christianity at the service of oligarchy -- The political views of Micheli du Crest -- The Mediation and Reglement of 1738 -- Geneva in the 1730s -- 4 Rousseau and natural law: the Second Discourse

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- A note on the text -- Introduction and agenda -- 1 The foundations of a project -- Egoism, politics and society -- Dutch republicans and French divots -- Medicine and morals -- Toward a science of socialized man -- 2 Self-love and the civilizing process -- The history of pride -- Hutcheson's polemic and Hume's critique -- Rhetoric and the emergence of civility -- The French connection -- Rousseau in Mandeville's shadow -- 3 Performance principles of the public sphere -- Manners, morals and the Earl of Shaftesbury -- Bishop Butler and the pursuit of happiness -- Theatrum mundi -- Henry Fielding at the Mandevillian masquerade -- The discourse of the passions at its limits -- 4 A world of goods -- From hypocrisy to emulation -- Labor and luxury -- Homo economica and her double -- 5 Imposing closure - Adam Smith's problem -- Epilogue: The Fable's modern fate -- Bibliography -- Index