Suchergebnisse

Did the election of Donald Trump as US president affect the popularity of the European Union (EU) in Europe? In new research, Lara Minkus, Emanuel Deutschmann and Jan Delhey find that that Trump's surprise victory in 2016 did cause a considerable increase in the EU's post-election popularity. Gains in popularity were particularly high among those who perceived their country as economically struggling and, surprisingly, among the political right, suggesting that Trump's victory broadened and ideologically diversified the EU's base of support.

Visas are an important means for countries to regulate incoming mobility flows. Past datasets and quantitative research on visas have focused on visa waivers, ignoring the fact that visas, where demanded, can vary greatly by cost. This paper presents a novel dataset based on a manual collection of visa costs for travel between a global set of country pairs in seven different categories (tourist, work, student, family reunification, business, transit, and other). Our analyses reveal a strong global visa cost divide that raises important questions about the injustice regarding the right to travel for people located in different areas of the world. Whereas Europeans usually hardly have to work at all for travel permits, visa costs often amount to several weeks or even months of mean income in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Regression analyses show that these discriminatory practices are explained by the (lack of) economic prosperity and (flawed) state of democracy in the country of origin. This suggests that the global visa cost regime is driven by a rationale of economic and political control and exclusion rather than blatant racism. The result is a fundamentally paradoxical situation: The richer a country, the less its citizens pay for visas to go abroad (both in absolute terms and relative to their income).

AbstractIn times of multiple crises and a looming partial breakup of the European Union, the question of what binds Europeans together appears more relevant than ever. This article proposes transnational attachment as a novel indicator of sense of community in Europe, arguing that this hitherto neglected dimension is substantially and structurally different from alternative ones such as cross‐border trust and identification. Combining Eurobarometer 73.3 data on ties between all EU‐27 countries with further dyadic data, it is shown empirically that the European network of transnational attachment has an asymmetric core‐periphery structure centred on five extremely popular countries (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain). In line with transactionalist theory, cross‐border mobility and communication are strongly related to transnational attachment. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the network of transnational attachment is much denser among those with a higher level of education than among those with a lower level. The results suggest that offering European citizens incentives to travel to peripheral countries may help counterbalance the current asymmetric structure of transnational attachment, thereby increasing Europe's social cohesion.

Chapter1: Advancing Conflict Research through Computational Approaches -- PARTI: Data and Methods in Computational Conflict Research -- Chapter2: Advances in Data on Conflict and Dissent -- Chapter3: Text as Data for Conflict Research: A Literature Survey -- Chapter4: Interdependencies in Conflict Dynamics: Analyzing Endogenous Patterns in Conflict Event Data Using Relational Event Models -- PARTII: Computational Research on Non-violent Conflict -- Chapter5: Migration Policy Framing in Political Discourse: Evidence from Canada and the US -- Chapter6: The Role of Network Structure and Initial Group Norm Distribution in Norm Conflict -- Chapter7: On the Fate of Protests: Dynamics of Activation and Topic Selection Online and In the Streets -- PartIII: Computational Research on Violent Conflict -- Chapter8: Do Non-State Armed Groups influence each other in attack timing and frequency? Generating, analyzing, and comparing empirical data and simulation -- Chapter9: On the Beaten Path: Violence against Civilians and Simulated Conflict along Road Networks -- Chapter10: Analysis of Conflict Diffusion over Continuous Space,- Chapter11: Rebel Group Protection Rackets: Simulating the Effects of Economic Support on Civil War Violence

This open access book brings together a set of original studies that use cutting-edge computational methods to investigate conflict at various geographic scales and degrees of intensity and violence. Methodologically, this book covers a variety of computational approaches from text mining and machine learning to agent-based modelling and social network analysis. Empirical cases range from migration policy framing in North America and street protests in Iran to violence against civilians in Congo and food riots world-wide. Supplementary materials in the book include a comprehensive list of the datasets on conflict and dissent, as well as resources to online repositories where the annotated code and data of individual chapters can be found and where (agent-based) models can be re-produced and altered. These materials are a valuable resource for those wishing to retrace and learn from the analyses described in this volume and adapt and apply them to their own research interests. By bringing together novel research through an international team of scholars from a range of disciplines, Computational Conflict Research pioneers and maps this emerging field. The book will appeal to students, scholars, and anyone interested in the prospects of using computational social sciences to advance our understanding of conflict dynamics.