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Examines the basics of the memberships theory of poverty, which centers on the impact that group membership has on an individual's socioeconomic outcome via peer group & role model effects, social learning, & social complementarities. The most common application has been to the role of residential neighborhoods in intergenerational transmissions of poverty & inequality. The relevance of social capital is briefly discussed before turning to the range empirical support for the theory as embodied in ethnographic studies, regression analysis, quasi- & controlled experiments, & the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Policy implications are considered, & suggestions for policy directions made. J. Zendejas

This paper focuses on how growth theory can guide growth policy design. It first argues that policy matters for growth, in particular when policy variables are interacted with country?specific variables (financial development, institutional environment, technological development, and so forth). Second, it argues that the Schumpeterian paradigm does a better job at delivering policy prescriptions that vary with country characteristics. Third, it discusses the advantages and drawbacks of growth regression analysis. Finally, it briefly describes and then questions the recently proposed 'growth diagnostic' approach.

"Volumes 2A and 2B of The Handbook of Economic Growth summarize recent advances in theoretical and empirical work while offering new perspectives on a range of growth mechanisms, from the roles played by institutions and organizations to the ways factors beyond capital accumulation and technological change can affect growth. Written by research leaders, the chapters summarize and evaluate recent advances while explaining where further research might be profitable. With analyses that are provocative and controversial because they are so directly relevant to public policy and private decision-making, these two volumes uphold the standard for excellence in applied economics set by Volumes 1A and 1B (2005)"--Publisher description