Suchergebnisse

Development of new cryopreservation strategies has major potential in medicine and agriculture and is critical to the conservation of endangered species that currently cannot be preserved. A critical property of any potential cryopreservative solution is its ability to prevent cell-damaging ice formation during cooling and subsequent heating. This study focuses on the freezing behaviour of promising model cryoprotective solutions. We perform neutron scattering analysis, combined with computer modelling, of the water structure after quench cooling these solutions. It is found that water in this solution forms nano-clusters encapsulated by the surrounding matrix of cryoprotectant solute molecules. We posit that these small volumes inhibit ice formation, because water does not have space for the structural relaxation required to crystallize on the timescale of the cooling process.

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of mediation procedures, review them as extrajudicial method of conflict resolution. As the methodological basis of the research we use the synergistic, phenomenological and dialectical analysis techniques to examine the main aspects of the mediation as well as identify its principal features. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that in Russia it is necessary to take into account the international experience of mediation, legislation to support the mediation process and in some cases give it forceful character, to develop cooperation with the courts and notaries with the mediators. ; peer-reviewed

Inter-regional gaps in the investment sphere and sanction pressure on the national economy have actualized the issue of improving the efficiency of managing investment attractiveness at the mesoscale using modern high-precision methods of economic and mathematical modeling. A number of well-known thematic ratings are used to assess the investment attractiveness of the Russian regions, whose critical analysis made it possible to identify their main shortcomings. Therefore, in the course of the study, the authors make an attempt to build an adequate rating of the investment attractiveness of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation using artificial intelligence. The results of the retrospective assessment are deepened by clustering the Russian regions based on the achieved level of investment attractiveness by the method of Kohonen self-organizing cards. To implement the prognostic function, a Bayesian ensemble of dynamic neural network models was formed. As a result of the empirical study three hypotheses have been confirmed: on significant inter-regional gaps in the sphere of investment attractiveness; on a negative change in the cluster structure (in the field of investment attractiveness) of the Russian regions in 2013-2018 due to sanctions pressure on the national economy; and on the persistence of significant inter-regional gaps (in the investment sphere) in the medium term (on the example of the leading regions). The results can be used to update the provisions of the economic policy of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Moreover, the authors' approach might be applied for analyzing other countries in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals at the meso-level.

One of the worldwide modern instruments to increase power efficiency is the price-dependent electricity consumption. It is one of the elements in managing the demand for power consumption. The programs of price-dependent power consumption are globally relevant. However, in Russia, their development is still on a conceptual phase. This paper analyses regional tariffs for the power transmission from the perspective of encouraging consumers to price-dependent demand management for electricity consumption. We examine the structure of final electricity tariffs for various categories of consumers as well as identify the percentage rate for the electricity transmission for each category. We consider the methodology of single-part and two-part tariffs for electricity transmission, their structure, and advantages of application. On the example of Volga Federal District tariffs, we have calculated single-part and two-part tariffs for the power transmission in industrial enterprises in terms of three typical schedules of electricity consumption. To compare the efficiency of the price-dependent demand management for the electricity transmission in different regions of Russia, we have introduced the indicators "coefficient of the transmission tariff" and "integral coefficient of the transmission tariff". Furthermore, we made calculations for 65 regions of Russia entering the price zones of power wholesale market. As a result of the analysis, we divided Russian regions of Russia according to the indicator of "integrated coefficient of transmission tariff" in 3 administrative groups. For each group, we have developed recommendations on price-dependent demand management for power transmission. The theoretical significance of the research consists in the development of methods for the analysis and selection of the most appropriate industrial enterprise tariff for electricity transmission. In practice, regional authorities can use the developed groups of regions to change the structure of regional tariffs in order to stimulate consumers to price-dependent power consumption. Moreover, the algorithm for calculating tariffs for electricity transmission can be applied by the industrial Russia enterprises in price-dependent demand management of power consumption to choose an optimum tariff and reduce costs on power transmission. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. ; Проанализированы региональные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче электрической энергии с позиции стимулирования потребителей электроэнергии к ценозависимому управлению спросом на электропотребление. Рассмотрены методика применения одноставочных и двухставочных тарифов на передачу электроэнергии, их структура и преимущества применения. На примере тарифов, действующих в Приволжском федеральном округе, рассчитаны одноставочные и двухставочные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче для промышленных предприятий в разрезе трех типовых графиков электропотребления. ; The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No211 of 16.03.2013), Agreement No 02.A03.21.0011.

The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the potential of the electric structure of Russian regions. The authors introduce the category of the "potential of electric infrastructure" understood as the integrated indicator characterizing the regional power infrastructure. The authors assess the potential of electric infrastructure on the basis of the proposed methodology and the developed indicators: "the ratio of electricity tariff", "coefficient of technological connection", "integral coefficient of electric infrastructure potential." The article presents the results of testing the developed method on the example of the analysis and evaluation of the characteristics of electric power infrastructure of Russian regions. The result of testing was the construction of a rating of regions by the level of electric infrastructure potential. On the basis of the calculated parameters of electric infrastructure potential, we developed a map and a matrix of indicators of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions. This allowed to classify Russian regions to several groups. The practical value of the map and matrix of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions is the possibility to conduct the comparative assessment of the characteristics of the electric infrastructure of the territorial units and enables more informed management and decision-making concerning the choice of the most effective industrial investment. In addition, based on the developed indicators of electric infrastructure potential, the authors propose the improvement of the existing methods for the evaluation of investment potential of Russian regions. Previous research on the investment potential of regions does not take in account the characteristics of the potential of elecrtic infrastructure. The obtained results are of a theoretical and practical importance and can be used for the energy efficiency management of territorial units as well as for the analysis of the potential of electric infrastructure of possible industrial investments with the aim of increasing it. ; Представлена характеристика электроструктурного потенциала регионов. Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на стоимость электрической энергии. Выявлены показатели, которые используются для оценки составляющих и интегрального значения электроинфраструктурного потенциала. ; The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No. 211 of 16 March, 2013), Agreement No. 02.A03.21.0011.

The regional differentiation makes impossible the sustainable socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation without the monitoring public governance results in space and time. Despite the comprehensive approach of the current procedure, approved by the federal government, it does not adequately assess the executive authorities effectiveness. Its main problem is the impossibility to assume such important administrative function as forecasting the social and economic development of Russian territorial subjects. The authors propose an alternative methodology on the basis of the system economic theory. This technique is implemented in several consecutive stages. Firstly, we develop the system of 30 indicators. Secondly, we normalize the values of the indicators using the method of pattern. Thirdly, we calculate the index of the social and economic development of Russian regions for 2011-2015 assuming that the indicators are equal. Last, we group Russian regions into clusters according to the level of their social and economic development using neural network technologies (Kohonen self-organizing maps). Only 9 in 80 subjects of the Russian Federation (RF) had the degree of realizing the social and economic potential higher than 40 % during the period under consideration. In 2011-2015, the most of regions had a low and lower than average level of social and economic development (with an aggregate share about 64.3 %). It means that, under current conditions, the majority of the RF regions have considerable reserves for realizing their social-economic potential. In particular, the absence of the territorial subjects with a high level of social and economic development proves that. The authors have simulated the social and economic situation of the RF subjects by means of an adequate Bayesian neural networks. The obtained results can be used as the basis for further research in the field of evaluating executive authorities effectiveness and forecasting the level of social and economic development of Russian regions. ; Проанализирована действующая методика оценки эффективности деятельности органов исполнительной власти субъектов Российской Федерации. Выявлены недостатки данной методики. Предложена альтернативная методика мониторинга результатов государственного управления, с помощью которой реализуется такая важная управленческая функция, как прогнозирование. Дана оценка уровня социально-экономического развития регионов по альтернативной методике.

[EN] It is essential to define an optimized standard method to assess the fish sperm quality to minimize the differences between the results obtained by different laboratories. Only this optimization and standardization can make them useful from academia to industry. This study presents the validation of sperm motility assessment using a CASA-Mot system for three endangered diadromous fish species: European eel (Anguilla anguilla), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). To attain this goal, different technical and data processing methods were tested: 1) magnification lens (×10 and ×20), 2) Spermtrack® reusable chambers (10 and 20¿¿m depth) and 3) different frame rates (50¿¿¿FR¿¿¿250). The results suggested that the sperm motility assessment for eel, salmon and sturgeon should be performed at 200, 250 and 225¿frames¿s¿1, respectively. Moreover, to obtain a high number of analysed spermatozoa in less time and a natural movement of the sperm cells, it is recommended to use ×10 objective and 20¿¿m depth. In conclusion, different technical settings influence sperm kinetic parameters and should be validated for each fish species to allow the comparison of results between laboratories. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No [642893]. AV is granted by the CONICIT and MICITT, Costa Rica. The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic projects "CENAKVA" (No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024), "CENAKVA II" (No. LO1205 under the NPU I program), project Biodiversity (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007370), by the Czech Science Foundation (project No. 17-19714Y). ; Caldeira, C.; Hernández-Ibáñez, S.; Valverde, A.; Martin, P.; Herranz-Jusdado, JG.; Gallego Albiach, V.; Asturiano Nemesio, JF. (2019). Standardization of sperm motility analysis by using CASA-Mot for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and ...