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Preface VII. - 1. In the Mirror of Antiquity: The Problem of American Empire 3. - 2. Democracy and Empire: The Case of Athens Laurie 20. - 3. Empire by Invitation of Domination? The Difference between Hemonia and Arkhe 41. - 4. The Freedom to Rule: Athenian Imperialism and Democratic Masculinity 54. - 5. Liberty and Empire, with the Benefit of Limited Hindsight - or What Herodotus of Halicarnassus Saw 67. - 6. Empire and the Eclipse of Politics 77. - 7. Imperial Compulsions 96. - 8. Rome and the Hellenistic World: Masculinity and Militarism, Monarchy and Republic 114. - 9. Imperial Power in the Roman Republic 127. - 10. The Rise of Global Power and the Music of the Spheres: Philosophy and History in Cicero's De Re Publica 147. - 11. Machiavelli's Model of a Liberal Empire: The Evolution of Rome 164. - 12. Post-9/11 Evocations of Empire in Light of Eric Voegelin's Political Science 185. - 13. Athens as Hamlet: The Irresolute Empire 215

In her response to our article, Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni replaces balance-of-power theory (threat of hegemony begets balancing, which produces a tendency of international systems toward equilibria of power) with a complex congeries of competing and contingent conjectures about when states might balance. While these are certainly part of the extensive literature on the balance of power, lumping them together and calling them a `theory' invites a comedy of errors rather than an empirical test. The `ado' in our article was a novel empirical test of a theory that has been central to centuries of IR theorizing. As our review of the evidence confirms, this theory can indeed be evaluated in ancient and non-European international systems, and it is wrong: international systems do not tend toward equilibria of power, and balancing is relatively unimportant in explaining the equilibria that do occur. We end up agreeing with the gist of Sangiovanni's response: there is no empirically valid systemic balance-of-power theory, and it is time to turn to contingent middle-range hypotheses about balancing behavior.