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For some, cosmopolitanism is a deeply troubling, even dangerous, ethical position. An 'embedded cosmopolitan' variation on this position would strive to take seriously the apprehensions of these critics by eschewing the impartialist perspective to which it is conventionally tied. Specifically, this proposed alternative would adopt a modified version of the particularist moral starting point espoused by so-called 'communitarian' political theorists. In order to retain its ethical cosmopolitan credentials, such a stance would have to achieve a moral purview that left no-one, whether compatriot or foreigner, ally or enemy, beyond either concern or comprehension. Trying to construct this qualified cosmopolitanism is a difficult and daunting task. By analysing the various attempts of the American political philosopher Michael Walzer to reconcile a radically situated account of morality (his 'view from the cave') with an inclusive and cross-culturally critical moral purview, this article aims to map the most promising route towards an embedded cosmopolitan position. At the same time, it endeavours to pay due attention to a much broader range of Walzer's writings than is generally acknowledged within the study of international relations. Adapted from the source document.

Providing students with the understanding & confidence to critically engage with the vast literature on ethics & the use of force is a challenging endeavour. One way to achieve this is to encourage them to apply the range of concepts & approaches encompassed within this literature to real problems & events in international affairs. This article proposes both detailed seminar plans & structured small-group activities for use as part of an undergraduate course on the ethics of war. Specifically, it provides examples of how five "hard cases" surrounding organized violence & three types of structured group activity (relating to "moral dilemmas" associated with each case) might be employed to encourage active learning & teaching. References. Adapted from the source document.