Suchergebnisse

En Argentina, en el período 2019-2020 se experimentó el mayor brote de la historia del dengue en el país. Nuestro objetivo es comprender los sentidos que diferentes agentes de salud y vecinos y vecinas en un municipio de Buenos Aires le dan a la comunidad, a las diferencias de clases sociales, y a la presencia de migrantes, en relación con el dengue. Para esto, realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas en 2021. Observamos que los y las agentes de salud recuperan las diferencias de clase social como un aspecto relevante para la intervención en dengue y mencionan dificultades de participación por parte de lo que denominan clases medias y altas. También encontramos que los y las agentes de salud asocian la movilidad de las y los migrantes con las epidemias de dengue. Sin embargo, en esta interpretación hay incertidumbres y se amplía al considerar otros factores.

Polyurethanes (PU) are one of the most-used classes of synthetic polymers in Europe, having a considerable impact on the plastic waste management in the European Union. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for the recycling industry, which requires environmentally friendly strategies to be able to re-utilize their monomers without applying hazardous and polluting substances in the process. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of a polyurethane-polyester (PU-PE) copolymer using Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC) has been investigated in order to achieve decomposition at milder conditions and avoiding harsh chemicals. PU-PE films have been incubated with the enzyme at 50 °C for 168 h, and hydrolysis has been followed throughout the incubation. HiC effectively hydrolysed the polymer, reducing the number average molecular weight (M(n)) and the weight average molecular weight (M(w)) by 84% and 42%, respectively, as shown by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while scanning electron microscopy showed cracks at the surface of the PU-PE films as a result of enzymatic surface erosion. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a reduction in the peaks at 1725 cm(−1), 1164 cm(−1) and 1139 cm(−1), indicating that the enzyme preferentially hydrolysed ester bonds, as also supported by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) results. Liquid chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-MS-Tof) analysis revealed the presence in the incubation supernatant of all of the monomeric constituents of the polymer, thus suggesting that the enzyme was able to hydrolyse both the ester and the urethane bonds of the polymer.

Sostenemos que en el contexto internacional de la problemática ambiental se presenta una concepción hegemónica de naturaleza, dada por la noción de ecosistema. En primer lugar, mostramos el modo en que esta concepción ecológica de naturaleza satura el contexto de la crisis ambiental, deviniendo en un medio obligado para los diferentes actores involucrados. En segundo lugar, destacamos tres características que le son asignadas a esta unidad de estudio ecológica y que explican, parcialmente, su carácter hegemónico: el ecosistema es considerado como una unidad sin dimensión espacio-temporal definida; el ecosistema es considerado como una unidad que permite incorporar a la especie humana y el ecosistema es considerado como una unidad que es anterior a la experiencia de sus investigadores e investigadoras. Finalmente, sugerimos tres consecuencias no deseadas de esta concepción hegemónica para las problemáticas ambientales.

La recolección de datos en los proyectos de Ciencia Ciudadana resulta ser una de las actividades más realizadas por los voluntarios. Es de importancia, que la experiencia de los voluntarios al usar las aplicaciones móviles creadas para tal fin, promuevan no solo una buena experiencia para el usuario, sino que además favorezcan, de manera transparente, la mayor cantidad de toma de datos posibles, independientemente de las limitaciones de permisos brindados a la aplicación o de los recursos de hardware que el dispositivo móvil posea. En este trabajo se presenta un widget adaptable, aplicado en la aplicación móvil "Resuelvo Explorando" con el fin de mejorar la experiencia de usuario y lograr una mayor democratización del acceso a la tecnología a través de la adaptación de la aplicación ante limitaciones de permisos y/o hardware, facilitando la recolección de datos para aquellos posibles voluntarios que estén limitados por el acceso a ciertas tecnologías. ; Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa

The increase in the availability and reliability of network connections lets envision systems supporting a continuous remote monitoring of clinical parameters useful either for overseeing chronic diseases or for following clinical trials involving outpatients. We report here the results achieved by a telemedicine infrastructure that has been linked to an artificial pancreas platform and used during a trial of the AP@home project, funded by the European Union. The telemedicine infrastructure is based on a multiagent paradigm and is able to deliver to the clinic any information concerning the patient status and the operation of the artificial pancreas. A web application has also been developed, so that the clinic staff and the researchers involved in the design of the blood glucose control algorithms are able to follow the ongoing experiments. Albeit the duration of the experiments in the trial discussed in the article was limited to only 2 days, the system proved to be successful for monitoring patients, in particular overnight when the patients are sleeping. Based on that outcome we can conclude that the infrastructure is suitable for the purpose of accomplishing an intelligent monitoring of an artificial pancreas either during longer trials or whenever that system will be used as a routine treatment.

Palynological, sedimentological and geochemical analyses performed on the Villarquemado paleolake sequence (987 m a.s.l, 40°30′N; 1°18′W) reveal the vegetation dynamics and climate variability in continental Iberia over the last 13,500 cal yr BP. The Lateglacial and early Holocene periods are characterized by arid conditions with a stable landscape dominated by pinewoods and steppe until ca. 7780 cal yr BP, despite sedimentological evidence for large paleohydrological fluctuations in the paleolake. The most humid phase occurred between ca. 7780 and 5000 cal yr BP and was characterized by the maximum spread of mesophytes (e.g., Betula, Corylus, Quercus faginea type), the expansion of a mixed Mediterranean oak woodland with evergreen Quercus as dominant forest communities and more frequent higher lake level periods. The return of a dense pinewood synchronous with the depletion of mesophytes characterizes the mid-late Holocene transition (ca. 5000 cal yr BP) most likely as a consequence of an increasing aridity that coincides with the reappearance of a shallow, carbonate wetland environment. The paleohydrological and vegetation evolution shows similarities with other continental Mediterranean areas of Iberia and demonstrates a marked resilience of terrestrial vegetation and gradual responses to millennial-scale climate fluctuations. Human impact is negligible until the Ibero-Roman period (ca. 2500 cal yr BP) when a major deforestation occurred in the nearby pine forest. The last 1500 years are characterized by increasing landscape management, mainly associated with grazing practices shaping the current landscape. ; The funding for the present study derives from DINAMO (CGL-BOS 2009–07992), DINAMO2 (CGL-BOS 2012–33063), IBERIAN PALEOFLORA (CGL-BOS 2012–31717) and GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER (CSD2007-00067) projects, provided by the Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT). Josu Aranbarri acknowledges the predoctoral funding provided by the Basque Country Government (ref: FI-2010-5). Ana Moreno, Graciela Gil-Romera and Mario Morellón hold post-doctoral contracts funded by "Ramon y Cajal (ref: RYC-2008-02431)", "Juan de la Cierva (ref: JCI2009-04345)" and "JAE DOC CSIC (ref: JAEDOC-2011-026)" programms, respectively. Eduardo García-Prieto is supported by a predoctoral FPI grant (BES-2010-038593). We are very greateful to Aida Adsuar, Beatriz Bueno and Raquel López-Cantero for their assistance in core sampling and laboratory procedures. Josu Aranbarri thanks collegues from the Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, especially Alessandra Celant, for continuous encouragement. We would also like to thank Thomas M. Cronin, Anthony C. Stevenson and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable suggestions. ; Peer reviewed

BACKGROUND: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a rare condition where agreed classification and treatment are still missing. The goal of this study is to achieve a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CM1 in children. METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel formulated 57 provisional statements based on a review of the literature. Thirty-four international experts (IE) participated in a Delphi study by independently rating each statement on a 4-point Likert scale ("strongly disagree," "disagree," "agree," "strongly agree"). Statements that were endorsed ("agree" or "strongly agree") by < 75% of raters were re-formulated, or new statements were added, and another Delphi round followed (up to a maximum of three). RESULTS: Thirty-five IE were contacted and 34 agreed to participate. A consensus was reached on 30/57 statements (52.6%) after round 1. Three statements were added, and one removed. After round 2, agreement was reached on 56/59 statements (94.9%). Finally, after round 3, which took place during the 2019 Chiari Consensus Conference (Milan, Italy), agreement was reached on 58/59 statements (98.3%) about four main sections (Definition and Classification, Planning, Surgery, Isolated Syringomyelia). Only one statement did not gain a consensus, which is the "definition of radiological failure 24 month post-surgery." CONCLUSIONS: The consensus document consists of 58 statements (24 on diagnosis, 34 on treatment), serving clinicians and researchers following children with CM1. There is a clear need for establishing an international network and registry and to promote collaborative studies to increase the evidence base and optimize the long-term care of this patient population.