Suchergebnisse

[EN] Guaranteeing farm income stability is an objective of the European Union's and the Spanish agricultural policies. In this paper, CAP direct payments, diversification, crop insurance and an Income Stabilisation Tool (IST) were compared considering (i) their effect on farm income and income stability, (ii) the expected farmers' willingness for adoption, and (iii) the efficiency of public expenditure invested in supporting them. Main conclusions point at direct payments and crop diversification as the most effective measures in decreasing income variability. Nevertheless, using crop insurance or an IST has potential for both improving farm resilience to income variability and limiting public expenditure ; [ES] Garantizar la estabilidad de la renta agraria es uno de los objetivos de las políticas agrarias española y comunitaria. Se comparan los pagos directos, la diversificación, los seguros agrarios y un Instrumento de Estabilización de Rentas (IER) respecto a (i) su efecto en la renta agraria y su estabilidad, (ii) la predisposición de los productores a adoptarlos y (iii) la eficiencia del gasto público. Los pagos directos y la diversificación son las medidas más eficaces para estabilizar la renta. El seguro y el IER mejoran la estabilidad de la renta con una alta eficiencia del gasto público. ; This research was funded by the project MULCLIVAR, from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) CGL2012-38923-C02-02, A. Castañeda-Vera has a PhD grant from UPM. We thank Isabel Bardají (Technical University of Madrid) for the clarifying discussions on public support to risk management tools in the EU and Spain. ; Castañeda-Vera, A.; Garrido, A. (2017). Evaluation of risk management tools for stabilising farm income under CAP 2014-2020. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 17(1):3-23. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2017.01.01 ; SWORD ; 3 ; 23 ; 17 ; 1

The coffee market is distinguished for being volatile and uncertain in terms of domestic and international prices. Arabica and Robusta coffee are produced in 23 provinces of Ecuador. A decade-long decline of coffee production prompted the Ecuadorian government to launch a public program for replanting coffee trees towards the end of 2011. A grower's decision to enter, remain in or exit the coffee sector is based on fluctuating profits from each year's harvest sale. We analyzed the hypothesis whereby the coffee grower's decision to leave the sector is explained by volatile and uncertain prices. This paper aimed to evaluate the coffee sector with an application of Real Option Analysis for the period 2002-2012. We also defined entry (H) and exit (L) prices for Arabica and Robusta coffee for the analyzed period. Our findings revealed high H and L prices encourage growers to leave the sector for the most part of the analyzed period. High H and L prices resulted from high variable cost due to increasing wages for farm workers. The Ecuadorian government is developing a policy to help growers make production more efficient, encouraging them to remain in the sector in the long run.

Part 1: Introduction 1. Water and Food Security in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional Opportunities to Cope with Global Challenges Part 2: Setting the Scene 2. Water Resources Assessment 3. Trends in Land Use and Ecosystem Services in Latin America 4. Socio-economic Megatrends for Water and Food Security in Latin America 5. Globalization and Trade 6. Tracking Progress and Links between Water and Food Security in Latin America and the Caribbean Part 3: Water for Food and Non-food 7. Water and Agriculture 8. Water Security and Cities 9. Water, Energy, Bioenergy, Industry and Mining Part 4: Economic, Legal and Institutional Factors for Achieving Water and Food Security 10. Water Efficiency: Status and Trends 11. Reforming Water Governance Structures in LAC 12.. The Role of Stakeholders in Water Management in LAC 13. Economic Instruments for Allocating Water and Financing Services 14. Legal Framework and Economic Incentives for Managing Ecosystem Services 15. Rethinking Integrated Water Resources Management: Towards Water and Food Security through Adaptive Management

"The chapters in this volume are peer reviewed editions of the papers presented at the 7th meeting of the Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy which was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 15-17, 2010. The theme for Forum VII was Water for the Americas: Challenges and Opportunities. This Forum was unique in examining the water problems of the Americas and identifying water management experience gleaned in other parts of the world that might be useful in addressing the problems of the Americas. The sessions illustrated how the water problems of the Americas are common problems, differing only in degree from basin to basin. There was unanimity among the participants about the need for all inhabitants of the Americas to work together to ensure that everyone has access to adequate quantities of healthy water supplies and to appropriate sanitation services. This volume's approach is to identify different responses and policies that address common issues and learn from contrasts and experiences. The value and potential that this approach affords is that it provides critical judgments about what has worked well and what needs to be done to gain a better future for the Americas' water resources and society. Some issues covered in the volume are so pressing and urgent, chief among them is serving the unserved, that any delays putting out new facilities in many a rural areas of Central America may cost lives and reduce the outlook for children. Additionally, the volume makes clear that the outlook for the poorest and the future of hundreds of growing cities are threatened by climate change. This book looks into the future by analyzing present and relevant data and gains insight from the different developmental stages of the hemisphere. "--

The rise of prices of agricultural commodities in global markets during 2007-2012 was followed by increased consumer food prices around the world. More expensive food may have an impact on consumer food access and thus on their welfare, not only in developing countries but also amongst the most vulnerable in developed countries. Using a longitudinal database from the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and population-averaged models, we tested whether increasing food prices had an impact on household food deprivation in 26 European Union (EU) member states. Results revealed a significant relationship between food deprivation and the consumer food price index and disposable income. Households in the lowest income quintile in the member states recently acceded to the EU were the most vulnerable to food deprivation. Results also showed that low-income households in densely populated areas were more vulnerable to food deprivation. This should be taken into account when evaluating food assistance programmes that focus on the segments of the population most at risk of food deprivation.

The Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides moves forward towards the sustainability of agriculture fostering the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in the European Union (EU). EC Regulation 1107/2009 was adopted in this framework leading to the eventual drop in the Vademecum of authorized substances of some important pesticides which are presently used in EU agriculture. Herbicide Pendimethalin will have to renew its registration in 2016 under the new regulation and there is a high probability that it will be removed. In this study we analyze the potential impact of the prohibition of Pendimethalin in two export driven horticultural crops grown in Southeastern Spain - lettuce and celery - to provide an illustration of possible consequences of the loss of certain active substances due to the new regulation. To do so, gross margin stochastic models are developed and used to generate Monte-Carlo simulations to look at farms' economic results and their production risks. Econometric models are used to examine consumers' and producers' surplus in export markets of lettuce and celery. The results show that the Pendimethalin ban might modify the economic risk profile that the farm faces, affecting the crops' profitability in the short-term. These changes would pass on to markets through shifts in supply and price and finally to European consumers, who would be the major losers.

1. Are global water resources a limitation for food production and security? -- 2. Searching for water intelligence solutions -- 3. Economic development, the role of the private sector and ethical aspects -- 4. Environmental conservation vs. food production -- 5. The strategic role of groundwater in achieving food security -- 6. Water, energy and technology for food security.

The socio-economic decline of extensive sheep farming caused by its low profitability in southern European Union (EU) regions threatens marginal depopulated rural areas' survival. In the face of new future institutional and climate challenges, there appears to be an urgent need for strategies to improve economic performance. This paper aims to evaluate the economic performance and risk of two alternative demand-oriented and productive efficiency strategies: i) protected geographical indication certification, and ii) increased ewe reproduction prolificacy. Based on regional farm records and price data and a survey of 54 local farmers, we formulated a stochastic gross margin model to simulate and analyze four strategic scenarios (baseline, quality labelling, productive efficiency, and joint strategies) under two specific stressors, namely decreased lamb prices and increased feeding costs. We found that feeding costs constitute the main risk factor, whereas price instability has less influence. Our findings highlight improvements in performance under a quality scenario, albeit with higher vulnerability to price variability with respect to the baseline scenario. In contrast, the productive efficiency scenario performs much better in terms of average gross margin and reduced vulnerability to feeding costs, albeit with a larger variation for the expected outcomes. The paper casts light on the vulnerability of the quality label under price risk, and suggests the potential for the joint implementation of both quality production and productive efficiency strategies, which could compensate for their respective weaknesses. ; en; ES; contact: daniele.bertolozzi@upm.es