Suchergebnisse

The post-2015 development agenda is being shaped as we speak. The role of identity and identification and its importance to development outcomes places it within the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda—specifically as one of the proposed SDG targets (#16.9), but also as a key enabler of the efficacy of many other SDG targets. Although there is no one model for providing legal identity, this SDG would urge states to ensure that all have free or low-cost access to widely accepted, robust identity credentials. Regardless of the modalities to achieve it, the recognition of legal identity – together with its associated rights – is becoming a priority for governments around the world. Political will is central, and the SDGs – unwieldy as they may seem today – provide a useful reference point for accountability. But new approaches expand the horizon of what is possible, and should serve as a stimulus to development ambition. Seizing these opportunities requires strong leadership, a supportive legal framework, mobilization of financial and human resources, and – critically – the trust of each country's residents. Incentives, technology, foreign assistance and reforms will all be critical in achieving tangible results. Equally important is coordination at the global, regional and national levels, to ensure inclusive oversight and concerted global action. Support from donors and other development partners is widely diffused. It could focus more strategically on building core systems for registration and – equally important – ensuring that these extend into effective and inclusive systems to support development.

AbstractIn recent years, interest has soared in the development potential of well‐designed cash transfer programs. One particular application is the use of transfers by resource‐rich countries (as recently initiated by Iran) to distribute rents across their populations. An emerging body of research suggests that the development impact of such programs tends to be positive and that, especially when received by poor individuals or households, they can unlock constraints on economic activities, allowing a further increase in income. This paper considers the use of biometric technology to underpin transfer programs and how new technology is opening up possibilities for effective transfer programs that, up to now, have only been a theoretical option in the institutional conditions that prevail in many developing countries. Once implemented, biometric identification systems can be used to support a wide range of other development initiatives including banking, voting, health care, and general identification systems. The paper reviews some of the programs using these technologies and how it is enabling poor countries to leapfrog rich ones in the area of identity, much as the cellphone revolution did in the area of communications.

Résumé Les pays exportateurs de pétrole sont confrontés à deux problèmes principaux pour mobiliser leurs ressources pétrolières en faveur du développement. Le premier est la variabilité très forte de leurs recettes d'exportation. Le second tient aux dysfonctionnements des relations entre compagnies productrices, gouvernement et citoyens (présents et à venir) des pays producteurs. En dépit du fait que les citoyens sont théoriquement « propriétaires » des ressources en hydrocarbures de leur pays, l'exercice de ce droit de propriété n'est en rien évident, en particulier dans les pays à faible gouvernance. Même dans les pays où des élections démocratiques sont organisées, il n'est pas certain que ce problème soit automatiquement résolu, la compétition électorale pouvant aisément se transformer en compétition pour l'accès à la rente. Cet article analyse les trajectoires historiques de plusieurs pays exportateurs de pétrole et s'intéresse aux méthodes permettant d'encourager le développement de meilleures politiques de gestion des ressources pétrolières.

Globalisierung hat eine tiefgreifende politische Dimension. Sie wird gegenwärtig von Kräften vorangetrieben, die machtvoller sind als alles, was bisher war. Die Autoren unterscheiden folgende Dimensionen der Globalisierung: Integration durch Handel; grenzüberschreitende Investitionen in Sach- und Humankapital; Auswirkungen der entstehenden globalen Handelsinstitutionen. Die Globalisierung eröffnet den afrikanischen Ländern neue Möglichkeiten, stellt aber auch viele problematische Fragen. Wie können der rückläufige Anteil Afrikas am Welthandel umgekehrt, Fluchtkapital verhindert und neue Investitionen ermutigt werden? Extern kann geholfen oder behindert werden - ob Afrika aber die sich ergebenden Chancen nutzt, hängt letztlich allein von den afrikanische Ländern selbst und der von ihnen verfolgten Politik ab. (DÜI-Hlb)