Suchergebnisse

Defence date: 17 September 2001 ; Examining Board: Prof. Richard Breen, European University Institute (co-supervisor); Prof. Gary Chapman, University of Texas, Austin; Prof. Giorgio Natalicchi, Università di Firenze; Prof. Thomas Risse, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; First made available online on 11 April 2018 ; Over the last decade, the Internet has transformed how information can be made available-it is now used to transfer information about things as varied as financial transactions and celebrity gossip and to link and coordinate activities between otherwise isolated people, from protest groups to lonely hearts. This unprecedented ease of access to a wealth of information and contacts presents a challenge to national governments who wish to control and restrain some of this activity. In recent years, Internet control has become one of the major indicators to assess the balance between freedom and security in democracies. This book explores and compares how, why, and to what extent, national governments decide to control the Internet and how this impacts on crucial socio-economic activities and fundamental civil rights. The author provides detailed studies on the US, Germany, Italy and further case studies on Brazil, Canada, India, the Netherlands, South Africa and Switzerland, to address topics such cyberterrorism, the protection of information infrastructure, and the impact on individual privacy and freedom of speech. This is the first cross-country, comparative study on the issue of Internet control. It will be of interest to international relations scholars and students, and particularly those with an interest in the Internet.

Unterschiedliche nationale Politiken gegenüber dem Internet werden vorgestellt. Dabei geht es vor allem um den Schutz der Privatsphäre und den Gebrauch von Verschlüsselungscodes. Es wird gezeigt, daß auch unter den demokratischen Staaten die Internet-Kontrolle durch die Regierungen nicht einheitlich gehandhabt wird. Die widersprüchlichen Anforderungen an die Regierungen werden herausgearbeitet. Sie bestehen einerseits darin, die Bedingungen für die Entfaltung von Online-Geschäften (electronic commerce) zu gewährleisten, andererseits darin, das Internet nicht zu einem rechtsfreien Raum werden zu lassen. Dieses Dilemma wird an der Frage der Kryptografie, der verschlüsselten Mitteilungen, verdeutlicht, die von den USA, Großbritannien und Frankreich in unterschiedlicher Weise beantwortet wird. Insgesamt überwiegt noch in der Mehrzahl der Politiken ein eher restriktiver Ansatz. Doch es wird damit gerechnet, daß dieser Ansatz mit der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Online-Geschäften gelockert werden und es begrenzte Regulierungen geben wird. (prf)

Examines the impact of the information revolution on international and domestic security, attempting to remedy both the lack of theoretically informed analysis of information security and the US-centric tendency in the existing literature.

What are the consequences of making cyberspace increasingly reliant on satellites and other types of space infrastructure? And what is the meaning and significance of an interplanetary cyberspace? The chapter addresses these developments specifically concerning infrastructure, militarization, and privatization. The consequences observed are summed up as fragmentation, vulnerability, and uncertainty. Cyberspace in space implies fragmentation in terms of stakeholders and governance, and ultimately in terms of power and accountability. Vulnerability increases as cyberspace becomes satellite-based (space is certainly not a safe environment, and satellites can be attacked by anti-satellite weapons as well as new forms of hacking and denial of service. Uncertainty of is tremendous particularly both in terms of what norms and principles will apply (compare the debate on Internet freedom vs. Internet sovereignty), and whether militarization or civilian and even utopian ideas will prevail.

We model the perspective faced by nuclear powers involved in a supergame where nuclear deterrence is used to stabilise peace. This setting allows us to investigate the bearings of defensive weapons on the effectiveness of deterrence and peace stability, relying on one-shot optimal punishments. We find that the sustainability of peace is unaffected by defensive shields if both countries have them, while a unilateral endowment of such weapons has destabilising consequences.

With the Internet being a truly global phenomenon, understanding how this is controlled should yield observations of relevance for the study of global governance more generally. The Internet, & how it is controlled, should therefore be a concern for all students of world politics, & not only for the smaller albeit multidisciplinary community of scholars engaging in "Internet studies." A first step is to acknowledge that Internet control varies across time, space, & issue-areas. To better understand such complex patterns of governance, we need to go beyond universal generalizations. In an attempt to support the middle-range theorizing, which arguably is needed, this essay introduces & briefly unpacks three analytical questions: What are the key aspects of Internet control? What actors might control what aspects of the Internet? &, finally, under what conditions are different types of actors likely to control various aspects of the Internet? Adapted from the source document.