In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 42, Heft 5, S. 436-441
In: Political research quarterly: PRQ ; official journal of Western Political Science Association, Pacific Northwest Political Science Association, Southern California Political Science Association, Northern California Political Science Association, Band 52, Heft 2, S. 387-402
THE AUTHORS EVALUATE FISCAL BEHAVIOR IN THE 103RD AND 104TH HOUSES OF REPRESENTATIVES USING A NEWLY DEFINED DEPENDENT VARIABLE WHICH SEPARATES ROLL-CALL VOTES BY HOW MUCH EACH BILL COSTS OR SAVES IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES. THEY FEEL THIS ALLOWS THEM TO ANALYZE HOW MEMBERS VIEW THESE AS FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS OF BUDGETARY PREFERENCES. PARTY GROUPS ARE SHOWN TO TRADE-OFF AND SUBSTITUTE GOALS ACROSS SPENDING AND SAVING OVER TIME BASED UPON MAJORITY STATUS, LEADERSHIP GOAL, AND EXOGENOUS POLITICAL PRESSURE.
IN THE CRISIS PRECEDING THE GULF WAR, THE UNITED STATES FAVORED PURE COERCION OVER CARROT-AND-STICK OFFERS. THIS ARTICLE, WHICH REPLICATES AND EXTENDS THE RESEARCH REPORTED BY LENG (1984), SUPPORTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CARROT-AND-STICK OFFERS WORK BETTER THAN PURE COERCION IF AN ACTOR HAS ALREADY DEMONSTRATED RESOLVE. BEGINNING WITH JERVIS'S (1976) DISTINCTION BETWEEN DETERRENCE AND SPIRAL THEORIES OF INTERACTION, THE ARTICLE ASSESSES THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FORCEFUL MOVES IN CRISIS BARGAINING. INTERRUPTED TIME-SERIES TECHNIQUES ARE USED WITH DATA ON HOSTILITY LEVELS IN TWO CONFRONTATIONS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PURE COERCION TENDS TO ELICIT A RESPONSE IN KIND, WHEREAS CARROT-AND-STICK OFFERS TEND TO ELICIT ACCOMODATION. ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR CORRELATES OF WAR DATA ON ACTORS' RESPONSE IN THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS AND IN THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI CONFRONTATION IN 1967 CORROBORATE LENG'S ORIGINAL FINDINGS. IRAQ'S RESPONSES TO THE UNITED STATES' THREATS IN THE GULF CONFLICT SUGGEST THAT PURE COERCION CAN INDUCE AN OPPONENT TO FIGHT EVEN WHEN IT IS WEAKER.
Draws conclusions from 3 action research studies of managing financial stringency: the case of constraints imposed by the National Advisory Board on Higher Education; an organisational case of the management of contraction of a large psychiatric hospital; and the case of a social services department in a local authority subject to cuts. (SJK)
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 46, Heft 4, S. 441-450
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 45, Heft 2, S. 200-206
In: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung: UWSF ; Zeitschrift für Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie ; Organ des Verbandes für Geoökologie in Deutschland (VGöD) und der Eco-Informa, Band 3, Heft 4, S. 206-209
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 45, Heft 4, S. 398-400
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 52, Heft 6, S. 722-729
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 50, Heft suppl 1, S. i42.3-i42