Suchergebnisse

European Union cohesion policy is the main tool of economic and social modernization in less developed countries and regions, notably in Central and Eastern Europe. The article aims to answer the question how the eurozone crisis has affected this policy. In particular, the author intends to study the phenomena observed during the eurozone crisis in (2010–2015) in relation to the field of cohesion policy. Did the policy involve a palpable intensification of intergovernmental management, and did it strengthen the informal role of the largest and richest member states? Did the competences of European Commission grow, albeit without increasing its political autonomy in relation to the EU intergovernmental institutions? Did the crisis reveal the phenomenon of the "two-speed Europe" (a clear division between the eurozone and the rest of the EU) in the sphere of cohesion policy? Or perhaps is there yet another hidden division line within the cohesion policy? ; Polityka spójności Unii Europejskiej jest głównym narzędziem modernizacji społecznej i gospodarczej w państwach Europy Środkowej. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza Polski, która otrzymuje największą pomoc finansową z tego instrumentu spośród wszystkich innych państw członkowskich UE. Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian w polityce spójności pod wpływem kryzysu w strefie euro oraz ocena tego, w jaki sposób te zmiany mogą wpłynąć na procesy modernizacyjne w najsłabiej rozwijających się państwach UE, a także szerzej – jak wpłyną na sposób funkcjonowania integracji europejskiej.

European Union cohesion policy is the main tool of economic and social modernization in less developed countries and regions, notably in Central and Eastern Europe. The article aims to answer the question how the eurozone crisis has affected this policy. In particular, the author intends to study the phenomena observed during the eurozone crisis in (2010–2015) in relation to the field of cohesion policy. Did the policy involve a palpable intensification of intergovern mental management, and did it strengthen the informal role of the largest and richest member states? Did the competences of European Commission grow, albeit without increasing its political autonomy in relation to the EU intergovernmental institutions? Did the crisis reveal the phenomenon of the "two-speed Europe" (a clear division between the eurozone and the rest of the EU) in the sphere of cohesion policy? Or perhaps is there yet another hidden division line within the cohesion policy? ; Polityka spójności Unii Europejskiej jest głównym narzędziem modernizacji społecznej i gospodarczej w państwach Europy Środkowej. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza Polski, która otrzymuje największą pomoc finansową z tego instrumentu spośród wszystkich innych państw członkowskich UE. Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian w polityce spójności pod wpływem kryzysu w strefie euro oraz ocena tego, w jaki sposób te zmiany mogą wpłynąć na procesy modernizacyjne w najsłabiej rozwijających się państwach UE, a także szerzej – jak wpłyną na sposób funkcjonowania integracji europejskiej.

Cechą procesów rozwojowych na Mazowszu jest głęboka polaryzacja między Warszawą i jej obszarem metropolitalnym a resztą województwa. Stolica i otaczające ją gminy to centrum innowacji w skali kraju, choć jednocześnie nastawione bardziej na imitację i adaptację zewnętrznych rozwiązań, aniżeli kreację oryginalnej innowacji. Sytuacja na obszarach wiejskich w regionie jest pod tym względem znacznie gorsza. Polityka publiczna może pobudzić innowacyjną gospodarkę na tych terenach, choć jest to zadanie niezwykle trudne. W artykule zaprezentowano rekomendacje w zakresie wybranych kierunków polityki publicznej, zwłaszcza umożliwiających dywersyfikację działalności gospodarczej poza rolnictwo, co wydaje się najbardziej pożądanym kierunkiem zmian modernizacyjnych

An important feature of the development processes in Mazovia is a deep polarization between Warsaw with its metropolitan area and the rest of the region. The capital (and surrounding municipalities) is a center for innovation in the country, but at the same time it leans more towards imitation of external solutions, rather than creation of original innovations. The situation in rural areas in the region is in this respect much worse. Public policy can stimulate innovative economy in these areas, although this is an extremely difficult task. The article presents recommendations on selected public policies, particularly enabling diversification of economic activities beyond agriculture which seems to be the most desirable direction of modernization changes.

The article aims to analyze the situation in the European Union in terms of whether it is possible to talk about the prerevolutionary situation in 2013. This analysis refers to the three factors contributing to violent political change, that is the geopolitical factor, economic factor, and democratic legitimacy. The article concludes with a forecast of possible changes in the current integration processes, which may be a result of accumulation of political tensions in the above-mentioned fields.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specificity of institutional changes taking place in the framework of European integration, with particular emphasis on the crisis. Have these changes been increasingly often introduced by non-democratic methods in order to improve their efficiency? Regardless of whether they are gradual (incremental) or radical, are they implemented as a result of informal and discreet agreements reached in the restricted circles of the political and official elite, and bypassing citizens? Can one refer to national democracy without harming the progressing integration of the Old Continent? The analysis is based on two examples – the amendments to EU treaties concluded by the establishment of the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 and expanding the powers of the European Central Bank at the time of the eurozone crisis. ; The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specificity of institutional changes taking place in the framework of European integration, with particular emphasis on the crisis. Have these changes been increasingly often introduced by non-democratic methods in order to improve their efficiency? Regardless of whether they are gradual (incremental) or radical, are they implemented as a result of informal and discreet agreements reached in the restricted circles of the political and official elite, and bypassing citizens? Can one refer to national democracy without harming the progressing integration of the Old Continent? The analysis is based on two examples – the amendments to EU treaties concluded by the establishment of the Lisbon Treaty in 2007 and expanding the powers of the European Central Bank at the time of the eurozone crisis.

The European currency was created too early, that is without adequate deepening of political integration of the Old Continent. This is how the system of common currency became an "developmental trap" for the peripheral countries. Defective institutional structure of the euro zone proved to be also a "trap" for the central states in times of crisis. Costs and economic risk in the Euroland (that are increasingly affecting the central states) are growing exponentially. In this article I present major consequences for EU Cohesion Policy as well as other political and economic outcomes of euro zone crisis. ; Unia monetarna w Europie została powołana zbyt wcześnie, bez odpowiedniego pogłębienia integracji politycznej. W rezultacie system wspólnej waluty stał się pułapką rozwojową zarówno dla państw peryferyjnych, jak i centralnych Unii Europejskiej. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia główne konsekwencje politologiczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne kryzysu w strefie euro, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem skutków tego kryzysu dla polityki spójności UE.

Poland has made a commitment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and by participating in the climate policy of the European Union (EU). EUClimate and Energy Package (CEP), which was negotiated in 2008 and has been successively introduced into the EUlegal system. The CEP introduces much stricter require­ments for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and imposes higher costs on the adjust­ment of Polish energy sector and other sectors of Polish economy to the requirements of the EUlaw. The influence of the EUon the Member States during the course of European integra­tion is described in the literature of the subject as europeanisation. In this study Iwill analyse the influence on the policy of the Polish government with respect to stimulating the develop­ment of low carbon economy (including industry).

In EU cohesion policy, Poland has focused on drawing down funds and has not grasped how to influence content in Brussels with regard to regional policy. The way these funds are used in Poland is questionable as well. The voivodeships, as recipients of this money, are not being strengthened in administrative terms; instead, the central government is. The Polish authorities have imposed their sectoral model on Brussels's regional policy, which was actually conceived as a cross-cutting undertaking. Above all, however, the focus on infrastructure development is exactly what does not promote the underdeveloped periphery. A sensible regional policy must make underdeveloped regions competitive by means of investment in research, development, and in local companies. So far, the cohesion policy has been strengthening the periphery's dependency on subsidies. Adapted from the source document.

Poland has made a commitment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by ratifying the Kyoto Protocol and by participating in the climate policy of the European Union (EU). EUClimate and Energy Package (CEP), which was negotiated in 2008 and has been successively introduced into the EUlegal system. The CEP introduces much stricter require­ments for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and imposes higher costs on the adjust­ment of Polish energy sector and other sectors of Polish economy to the requirements of the EUlaw. The influence of the EUon the Member States during the course of European integra­tion is described in the literature of the subject as europeanisation. In this study Iwill analyse the influence on the policy of the Polish government with respect to stimulating the develop­ment of low carbon economy (including industry).