Mente, mercati, decisioni: introduzione all'economia cognitiva e sperimentale
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In: Frontiere
In: Synthese: an international journal for epistemology, methodology and philosophy of science, Band 201, Heft 4
ISSN: 1573-0964
AbstractWe propose a bridge-builder perspective on social ontology. Our point of departure is that an important task of philosophy is to provide the bigger picture. To this end, it should investigate folk views and determine whether and how they can be preserved once scrutinized from the perspective of the sciences. However, the sciences typically present us with a fragmented picture of reality. Thus, an important intermediate step is to integrate the most promising social scientific theories with one another. In addition to this, social ontology can provide input to and benefit from other philosophical disciplines that engage in normative theorizing. Thus, we propose that social ontology connects not only with folk ontology and scientific ontology but also with fields such as ethics and political philosophy. Building bridges between them serves to formulate a credible and encompassing worldview that is of theoretical and practical significance.
In: Guala , F & Hindriks , F 2020 , Institutions and Functions . in T Andina & P Bojanic (eds) , Institutions in Action : The Nature and the Role of Institutions in the Real World . Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality , Springer , pp. 9-19 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32618-0_2
What is an institution? And what distinguishes one type of institution from another? We answer these questions using a functionalist approach: types of institutions are identified by their function, or the coordination problems they solve; token institutions are specific solutions to these problems, or equilibria of strategic games. The functionalist approach provides some insights into the limits of reform, or the extent to which institutions – like marriage, property, or democracy – can be modified without turning them into entities of a different kind.
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In: Synthese: an international journal for epistemology, methodology and philosophy of science, Band 198, Heft 3, S. 2027-2043
ISSN: 1573-0964
AbstractInstitutions generate cooperative benefits that explain why they exist and persist. Therefore, their etiological function is to promote cooperation. The function of a particular institution, such as money or traffic regulations, is to solve one or more cooperation problems. We go on to argue that the teleological function of institutions is to secure values by means of norms. Values can also be used to redesign an institution and to promote social change. We argue, however, that an adequate theory of institutions should not be 'moralized' in that they should not be defined in terms of the values they are supposed to promote.
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Band 127, Heft 602, S. 1047-1068
ISSN: 1468-0297
In: Journal of institutional economics, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 515-522
ISSN: 1744-1382
AbstractOur goal is to develop a theory that combines the best insights of philosophical and scientific theories of institutions. We are not committeda priorito save the commonsense notion of institution, or the thesis of human exceptionalism. We think that human cognition is important, but we do not claim that common knowledge or collective intentions are necessary for coordination. Like most of our commentators, we believe that there is continuity between simple rules of precedence and sophisticated institutions like property, marriage, or money. Finally, we argue that a satisfactory account of institutions must be compatible with different theories of normativity, specifying the social and psychological mechanisms that make it possible to override selfish desires.
In: Journal of institutional economics, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 459-480
ISSN: 1744-1382
AbstractWe propose a new framework to unify three conceptions of institutions that play a prominent role in the philosophical and scientific literature: the equilibria account, the regulative rules account, and the constitutive rules account. We argue that equilibrium-based and rule-based accounts are individually inadequate, but that jointly they provide a satisfactory conception of institutions as rules-in-equilibrium. In the second part of the paper we show that constitutive rules can be derived from regulative rules via the introduction of theoretical terms. We argue that the constitutive rules theory is reducible to the rules-in equilibrium theory, and that it accounts for the way in which we assign names to social institutions.
In: Journal of Theoretical Politics, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 423-443
ISSN: 0000-0000
In: Journal of theoretical politics, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 423-444
ISSN: 0951-6298
In: History of political economy, Band 33, Heft 1, S. 21-49
ISSN: 1527-1919
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 6187
SSRN
In: Philosophy of the social sciences: an international journal = Philosophie des sciences sociales, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 3-23
ISSN: 1552-7441
A series of recent debates in experimental economics have associated demand effects with the artificiality of the experimental setting and have linked it to the problem of external validity. In this paper, we argue that these associations can be misleading, partly because of the ambiguity with which "artificiality" has been defined, but also because demand effects and external validity are related in complex ways. We argue that artificiality (understood as unfamiliarity of the experimental environment) may be directly as well as inversely correlated with demand effects. We also distinguish between the demand effects of experimentation and the reactions that they may trigger and that might endanger experimental validity. We conclude that economists should pay more attention to the way in which subjects construe the experimental task and learn to exploit subjects' reactivity to expectations in their experiments
In: Journal of human development and capabilities: a multi-disciplinary journal for people-centered development, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 125-152
ISSN: 1945-2837
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Band 116, Heft 512, S. F306-F325
ISSN: 1468-0297