Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Einleitung -- Teil 1 Grundlagen -- Kapitel 1 Einführung in die Sozialen Medien -- Kapitel 2 Strategischer Leitfaden -- Kapitel 3 Social Media Canvas -- Kapitel 4 Das Geschäftsmodell hinter den Sozialen Medien. Die Plattformökonomie als normativer Rahmen -- Kapitel 5 Datenschutz in Sozialen Medien durch gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeit -- Teil 2 Theorien, Methoden und Modelle -- Kapitel 6 Die Sprache der Neuen Medien (Lev Manovich) -- Kapitel 7 Tipping Point (Malcolm Gladwell) -- Kapitel 8 Cluetrain Manifest (Levine, Locke, Searls, Weinberger) -- Kapitel 9 Naked Conversations (Robert Scoble, Shel Israel) -- Kapitel 10 Die Weisheit der Vielen (James Surowiecki) -- Kapitel 11 Organisieren ohne Organisationen (Clay Shirky) -- Kapitel 12 The Long Tail (Chris Anderson) -- Kapitel 13 Free (Chris Anderson) -- Kapitel 14 POST-Methode (Charlene Li, Josh Bernoff) -- Kapitel 15 Mit dem HERO-Konzept Angestellte für den digitalen Wandel identifizieren (Josh Bernoff, Ted Schadler) -- Kapitel 16 Open Leadership (Charlene Li) -- Kapitel 17 Crowdsourcing (Jeff Howe) -- Kapitel 18 Dark Social - Entwicklung, Einordnung und Herausforderungen -- Kapitel 19 Social Bots - wie Algorithmen Meinungen beeinflussen -- Kapitel 20 Kultur der Digitalität (Felix Stalder) -- Kapitel 21 Algorithmen als Entscheidungsinstanz in Sozialen Medien (Christoph Drösser) -- Kapitel 22 Dystopie, Retropie und Utopie: Zukunftsvisionen für Soziale Medien (Richard David Precht) -- Teil 3 Anwendung -- Kapitel 23 Online-Kommunikation in Projekten lernen und vermitteln - Neue Arbeitsmodelle und soziale Kollaboration -- Kapitel 24 POST-Methode: Anwendungsfall Hochschule Anhalt -- Kapitel 25 Social Media Canvas: Anwendungsfall Lidl -- Stichwortverzeichnis -- Die Autorinnen und Autoren.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A decade after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the vision of moving the U.S. health care system "from volume to value" has been partially realized, with few value-based payment initiatives systematically reducing spending or improving quality. While participation in value-based payments continues to grow, the adoption of advanced forms of value-based payment through alternative payment models lags behind both the goals set by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2015 and the threshold required for widespread practice transformation. Furthermore, the complexity of the current suite of alternative payment models and allure of traditional fee-for-service prevent the widespread adoption of full risk-bearing contracts. The high costs of care with the impending insolvency of the Medicare trust fund, persistence of poor quality of care and health disparities along racial and socioeconomic lines, and mixed success of alternative payment models indicate the need for a revamped vision for the 2020s. The 2020s require a new strategy that moves from a short-term focus on testing new payment models to a long-term focus on expanding models that are most likely to generate substantial savings and improve quality. This white paper outlines a new direction for the federal government—primarily through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)—to chart over the next decade aimed at completing the transition to a health care system that pays for value and reduced health disparities, rather than high volumes of services. First, CMS must articulate a clear vision for the future of value-based payment. In particular, the vision must align across all publicly financed health care, driving change beyond Medicare and Medicaid. Second, CMS must dramatically simplify the current value-based payment landscape and engage late-adopting providers. Third, for health systems already participating in value-based payment, CMS must accelerate the movement from upside-only shared savings to risk-bearing, population-based alternative payment models while curtailing the ability of providers to opt out of value-based payment altogether. Fourth, CMS must not only pull providers toward advanced alternative payment models, but also structure incentives to push providers away from fee-for-service payment. Finally, achieving health equity must be a central feature and goal of value-based payment. Taken together, these five recommendations provide a path toward widespread adoption and success of alternative payment models, producing better health outcomes for all Americans, reducing wasteful inefficiencies and health disparities, and more effectively stewarding taxpayer funds to support other national priorities

AbstractHow people make initial and collective sense under crises remains unanswered. This paper addresses this question using the control of COVID‐19 in Vietnam as a case study. Our results suggest that sensemaking under crises is influenced by an institutional propensity for prevention that has developed gradually over time. Local governments play a vital role in fostering collective sensemaking which enables concerted actions in epidemic control. However, biases are inherent in sensemaking, including a delay in access to vaccine and a violation of privacy. For policy makers, this study suggests that developing specific prevention policies and programs, building large‐scale coordination capacity, and promoting local initiatives are necessary for coping with epidemics. For theory development, the study explores how institutions condition sensemaking and specifies several mechanisms in which local authorities could facilitate collective sensemaking in crises.

International audience ; Ces dernières années, un nombre croissant de publications montrent l'intérêt et le besoin d'utiliser des pratiques et des directives evidence-based dans l'aide apportée aux toxicomanes. Celles-ci présentent une analogie avec le terme " evidence-based medicine " faisant référence à l'application d'interventions et de prescriptions médicales jugées efficaces et empiriquement fondées. Dans le cadre du " Programme de recherches d'appui à la note politique fédérale relative à la problématique de la drogue ", une étude a été effectuée par l'université d'Anvers (UA), l'université de Gand (UGent) et le Centre de Recherche en Défense Sociale (CRDS). Cet article met en évidence les difficultés et les recommandations, issues de cette recherche, pour une mise en application des pratiques evidence-based dans la prise en charge des toxicomanes.

This paper shows that the modified gradient control law proposed in Tian and Wang (2013) does not globally stabilize rigid formation shapes. Also, further analysis on the control law and a numerical example showing that the control law cannot drive the agents out from a stable incorrect equilibrium of the corresponding gradient control system are provided. ; The work of B.D.O. Anderson and Z. Sun was supported by NICTA, which is funded by the Australian Government through the ICT Centre of Excellence program, and by the Australian Research Council under grant DP130103610 and DP160104500. Z. Sun is also supported by the Prime Minister's Australia Asia Incoming Endeavour Postgraduate Award from Australian Government. The work of M.H. Trinh and H.-S. Ahn was supported in part by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) and Korea Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) in the Culture Technology (CT) Research & Development Program 2014.

Introduction: Impaired sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements (postural transitions, PTs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and older adults (OA) are associated with risk of falling and reduced quality of life. Inertial measurement units (IMUs, also called "wearables") are powerful tools to monitor PT kinematics. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm, based on a single IMU positioned at the lower back, for PT detection and description in the above-mentioned groups in a home-like environment. Methods: Four PD patients (two with dyskinesia) and one OA served as algorithm training group, and 21 PD patients (16 without and 5 with dyskinesia) and 11 OA served as test group. All wore an IMU on the lower back and were videotaped while performing everyday activities for 90–180min in a non-standardized home-like environment. Accelerometer and gyroscope signals were analyzed using discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), a six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) fusion algorithm and vertical displacement estimation. Results: From the test group, 1,001 PTs, defined by video reference, were analyzed. The accuracy of the algorithm for the detection of PTs against video observation was 82% for PD patients without dyskinesia, 47% for PD patients with dyskinesia and 85% for OA. The overall accuracy of the PT direction detection was comparable across groups and yielded 98%. Mean PT duration values were 1.96 s for PD patients and 1.74 s for OA based on the algorithm (p < 0.001) and 1.77 s for PD patients and 1.51 s for OA based on clinical observation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Validation of the PT detection algorithm in a home-like environment shows acceptable accuracy against the video reference in PD patients without dyskinesia and controls. Current limitations are the PT detection in PD patients with dyskinesia and the use of video observation as the video reference. Potential reasons are discussed.

AbstractIntroductionModelling suggests that early diagnosis and immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) among key populations would have a substantial impact in reducing HIV transmission and mortality in Vietnam. An implementation research project of "test‐and‐treat" among people who inject drugs (PWID) was developed to inform effective roll‐out of such interventions.Methods"Test‐and‐treat" was offered to PWID in two high burden provinces, Thai Nguyen and Thanh Hoa. The interventions comprised the offer of biannual HIV testing and immediate ART, irrespective of CD4 count. PWID were enrolled between April 2014 and July 2015 and followed up for 12 months, and retention, HIV viral load (VL) and risk behaviours were assessed. Retention in care of this prospective cohort was compared with the retention among men enrolled in care in the preceding period (April 2012 to March 2013) at the same clinics when ART was initiated at CD4 cell count ≤350 cells/mm3.ResultsIn total, 287 HIV positive PWID started immediate ART. The majority (98%) were men; median age was 34; and median (interquartile range) CD4 count was 199 (50 to 402) cells/mm3. After 12 months, 238 participants (83%) were retained on ART, and 205 achieved viral suppression (<1000 copies/mL) (92% among those in whom VL was measured, 71% overall). Baseline CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 and history of imprisonment were associated with lower retention and viral suppression, while engagement in methadone maintenance was associated with higher retention. Retention in care was higher in the "test‐and‐treat" cohort (83%) compared with men enrolled in care in the preceding period (78%), primarily because lost‐to‐follow‐up during pre‐ART care was eliminated. No decline in consistent condom use and clean needle use was observed.ConclusionsEarly ART initiation resulted in successful treatment outcomes among PWID, with no observed increase in self‐reported risk behaviours, suggesting feasibility and potential effectiveness of "test‐and‐treat" approach. The results also call for differentiated care for PWID, including promoting early diagnosis and engagement in methadone maintenance therapy while enhancing care for those with advanced HIV disease and history of imprisonment.

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an increasing problem worldwide, but particularly problematic in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to limitations of resources for surveillance of CRE and infection prevention and control (IPC). Methods A point prevalence survey (PPS) with screening for colonisation with CRE was conducted on 2233 patients admitted to neonatal, paediatric and adult care at 12 Vietnamese hospitals located in northern, central and southern Vietnam during 2017 and 2018. CRE colonisation was determined by culturing of faecal specimens on selective agar for CRE. Risk factors for CRE colonisation were evaluated. A CRE admission and discharge screening sub-study was conducted among one of the most vulnerable patient groups; infants treated at an 80-bed Neonatal ICU from March throughout June 2017 to assess CRE acquisition, hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and treatment outcome. Results A total of 1165 (52%) patients were colonised with CRE, most commonly Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=805), Escherichia coli (n=682) and Enterobacter spp. (n=61). Duration of hospital stay, HAI and treatment with a carbapenem were independent risk factors for CRE colonisation. The PPS showed that the prevalence of CRE colonisation increased on average 4.2 % per day and mean CRE colonisation rates increased from 13% on the day of admission to 89% at day 15 of hospital stay. At the NICU CRE colonisation increased from 32% at admission to 87% at discharge, mortality was significantly associated (OR 5•5, P < 0•01) with CRE colonisation and HAI on admission. Conclusion These data indicate that there is an epidemic spread of CRE in Vietnamese hospitals with rapid transmission to hospitalised patients. ; Funding agencies: Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; Linkoping University, County of Ostergotland, Sweden; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, STINT, Stockholm, Sweden; European Union, Marie Slodowska Curie Grants; ReAct, Up