Suchergebnisse

Reunification profoundly challenged the local government structure inherited from the Cold War period in Berlin. Yet this sudden socioeconomic and political change did not produce any immediate impact on institutional arrangements or policy instruments within the urban policy field. In this context, the implementation of the European Community Initiative URBAN, between 1994 and 1999, offered an opportunity to actors who were willing to challenge the existing balance of power to contest the legitimacy of preexisting interests and representations. The author argues that, in a context of competing interpretations of the issues raised by segregation processes which have left pockets of poverty in both parts of the city, the URBAN programme has managed to become an important driving force behind an underlying process of change. Its innovative approach to urban poverty and social exclusion exerted an impact on the parameters of this process of change, exacerbating existing political and organisational conflicts and challenging local networks, sources of legitimacy, and policy instruments.

International audience ; Current discussions at EU level on urban sustainable mobility have confirmed the shift away from the approach based on managing traffic flows to an approach based on moving people and goods more sustainably. European regulations and policies will impact the future of urban road space across Member States and cities, especially the urban nodes along the TEN­T network. Cities and urban spaces have acquired, in this context, a strategic role yet to be defined. Although it may seem that road space reallocation is a technical and a local issue, the work done in the H2020 MORE project highlighted the importance and implications of thinking about the role of cities within the EU governance system. Cities are emerging as powerful urban space managers that not only implement EU regulations at the local level but also develop context specific policies and regulations to address the challenges they face. One example that highlights the transforming role of cities in shaping road futures in Europe is access rights. There are two competing perspectives over access regulations: a bottom-­up approach, that favours city­-led initiatives and a top­down approach that promotes an EU­-wide rulemaking approach aimed at harmonising access rights. This brief provides lessons learnt from the MORE project and recommendations to bridge the gap between the two competing preferences over access rights while promoting the role of cities as urban space managers.

International audience ; Current discussions at EU level on urban sustainable mobility have confirmed the shift away from the approach based on managing traffic flows to an approach based on moving people and goods more sustainably. European regulations and policies will impact the future of urban road space across Member States and cities, especially the urban nodes along the TEN­T network. Cities and urban spaces have acquired, in this context, a strategic role yet to be defined. Although it may seem that road space reallocation is a technical and a local issue, the work done in the H2020 MORE project highlighted the importance and implications of thinking about the role of cities within the EU governance system. Cities are emerging as powerful urban space managers that not only implement EU regulations at the local level but also develop context specific policies and regulations to address the challenges they face. One example that highlights the transforming role of cities in shaping road futures in Europe is access rights. There are two competing perspectives over access regulations: a bottom-­up approach, that favours city­-led initiatives and a top­down approach that promotes an EU­-wide rulemaking approach aimed at harmonising access rights. This brief provides lessons learnt from the MORE project and recommendations to bridge the gap between the two competing preferences over access rights while promoting the role of cities as urban space managers.

International audience ; Current discussions at EU level on urban sustainable mobility have confirmed the shift away from the approach based on managing traffic flows to an approach based on moving people and goods more sustainably. European regulations and policies will impact the future of urban road space across Member States and cities, especially the urban nodes along the TEN­T network. Cities and urban spaces have acquired, in this context, a strategic role yet to be defined. Although it may seem that road space reallocation is a technical and a local issue, the work done in the H2020 MORE project highlighted the importance and implications of thinking about the role of cities within the EU governance system. Cities are emerging as powerful urban space managers that not only implement EU regulations at the local level but also develop context specific policies and regulations to address the challenges they face. One example that highlights the transforming role of cities in shaping road futures in Europe is access rights. There are two competing perspectives over access regulations: a bottom-­up approach, that favours city­-led initiatives and a top­down approach that promotes an EU­-wide rulemaking approach aimed at harmonising access rights. This brief provides lessons learnt from the MORE project and recommendations to bridge the gap between the two competing preferences over access rights while promoting the role of cities as urban space managers.

La concertation produit-elle des effets sur l'action publique ? Ou, plus précisément, dans quelle mesure un dispositif de concertation constitue-t-il un facteur explicatif des recompositions de l'action publique sectorielle ? À partir d'une analyse comparée des effets du Grenelle de l'environnement sur deux secteurs, cet article contribue aux réflexions en cours sur les effets de la concertation, et au-delà, du rôle de la concertation dans les processus de changement dans l'action publique. Le choix d'une analyse comparée entre secteurs et, pour chaque secteur, de trois dimensions de l'action publique, permet d'identifier les effets propres au Grenelle, mais des degrés et des formes différenciés du changement sectoriel.

International audience ; Ce chapitre revient sur la notion de secteur, telle que développée dans les travaux de Pierre Muller, et en discute l'actualité pour l'analyse de l'action publique. Il s'organise en trois temps : 1) Comment la notion de secteur a-t-elle été conceptualisée par la discipline, 2) en quoi, et sous quelles conditions, cette notion permet toujours de penser la capacité politique à réguler – ou pas – les activités et les groupes, 3) et enfin, à partir de résultats de recherche récents sur l'instrumentation de l'action publique, comment expliquer la robustesse du secteur comme espace spécifique d'intégration et de représentation des intérêts.

International audience ; Ce chapitre revient sur la notion de secteur, telle que développée dans les travaux de Pierre Muller, et en discute l'actualité pour l'analyse de l'action publique. Il s'organise en trois temps : 1) Comment la notion de secteur a-t-elle été conceptualisée par la discipline, 2) en quoi, et sous quelles conditions, cette notion permet toujours de penser la capacité politique à réguler – ou pas – les activités et les groupes, 3) et enfin, à partir de résultats de recherche récents sur l'instrumentation de l'action publique, comment expliquer la robustesse du secteur comme espace spécifique d'intégration et de représentation des intérêts.

Paper submitted for publication in March 2014 and to be published in a revised version in February 2015 in Comparative European Politics. For the final version, see doi:10.1057/cep.2015.6