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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: The Case for Corporate Demography -- 1 About Organizations -- 1.1 Aging and Learning -- 1.2 Inertia and Change -- 1.3 Competitive Intensity -- 1.4 Global Competition -- 1.5 Historical Efficiency -- 1.6 Employment and Entrepreneurship -- 1.7 A Look Ahead -- 2 The Demographic Perspective -- 2.1 Demography of Business Organizations -- 2.2 Organizing Principles of Demography -- 2.3 Formal Demography and Population Studies -- 2.4 Demographic Explanation -- 2.5 The Demography of the Work Force -- 2.6 Internal Organizational Demography -- 3 Toward a Corporate Demography -- 3.1 Earlier Efforts -- 3.2 Retaining the Classical Structure -- 3.3 Making Demography Organizational -- 3.4 A Research Strategy -- 4 Forms and Populations -- 4.1 Population versus Form -- 4.2 Identity and Form -- 4.3 Codes -- 4.4 Organizational Forms -- 4.5 Organizational Populations -- 4.6 Systems of Forms -- 4.7 Implications for Corporate Demography -- Part II: Methods of Corporate Demography -- 5 Observation Plans -- 5.1 Designs in Organizational Research -- 5.2 Trade-offs in Observation Plans -- 5.3 Impact of Observation Plans -- 6 Analyzing Vital Rates -- 6.1 Event-History Designs -- 6.2 Stochastic-Process Models -- 6.3 Life-Table Estimation -- 6.4 Constant-Rate Models -- 7 Modeling Corporate Vital Rates -- 7.1 Duration Dependence -- 7.2 Dependence on Covariates -- 7.3 Note on Left Truncation -- 7.4 Comparing Designs by Simulation -- 7.5 Simulation Findings -- 8 Demographic Data Sources -- 8.1 Criteria for Evaluating Sources -- 8.2 Commonly Used Sources -- 8.3 Using Multiple Sources -- 8.4 Data Realities -- Part III: Population Processes -- 9 Organizational Environments -- 9.1 Telephone Companies -- 9.2 Modeling Environments

The authors apply event history analysis to records on 90 countries from 1950-1975 to test hypotheses consistent with world systems and modernization hypotheses. The hypotheses predict factors associated with political change from/to one-party and multi-party governments. Modernization hypotheses predict that changes making a society more modern (that is, more like European societies) increase the chances for multi-party democratic governments. World systems hypotheses predict that governments are more affected by a country's place in the world economic system than by internal changes. Results here show small effects of modernizing on government form, and event history methods show a complex relationship between GNP per capita and form of government.

We build on recent theory and research on the role of categories in resource partitioning. We analyze Scotch whisky making between 1826 and 2009—a case that seemed initially to fail to conform to the pattern of the beer industry now treated as prototypical. On close examination (both qualitative and quantitative), we find that high concentration in the center of the market is not sufficient to generate a partition. Rather, we see a long delay between the heightening of concentration in the industry and the emergence of a cluster of peripheral producers that claim an identity in opposition to the dominant generalists. We explain the source of the delay as a function of the nature of the audience, which until recently did not regard conglomerate or foreign ownership of distilleries as an impediment to producing authentic whisky. Only when critics started to question how ownership of distilleries related to authenticity did the revival of the traditional form of ownership begin to occur. By analyzing entries of focused firms in the recent period, we find that widespread ownership of distilleries of diversified corporations (but not foreign ownership) supported the formation of more traditional types of whisky distillers. But endurance of identity-based resource partitioning might require development of a collective identity and collective strategy by producers. In the case we studied, each focused producer has an idiosyncratic identity, which may be insufficient to cause audiences to agree on a code that excludes the mainstream producers from membership in the new category and thereby maintain a partitioned market.

This article assesses the robustness of recent estimates of the effect of density on the founding rates in organizational populations. It reports reanalyses of data on founding rates of six populations of organizations using a generalization of quasi-likelihood estimation that allows specification of autocorrelation processes. Autocorrelation is indeed present in five of the six data sets. However, the main substantive finding of earlier research proves to be robust-a nonmonotonic relationship between density and founding rate-continues to hold in most cases even when autocorrelation is taken into account. In other words, the predicted pattern of nonmonotonic density dependence is robust with respect to the form of autocorrelation investigated.

Drawing on a decade of fieldwork in Italy and France as well as interviews with critics and data analysis, this book provides an unprecedented sociological account of the dynamics of wine markets. It shows how the concepts of genre and collective identity explain producers' choices, whether they are selling traditional or nonconventional wines.

The world of wine encompasses endless variety. Consumers want to understand what makes one bottle of wine different from another; vintners need to know how to communicate what makes their product distinctive. Drawing on a decade of fieldwork in Italy and France as well as interviews with critics and analysis of market data, Giacomo Negro, Michael T. Hannan, and Susan Olzak provide an unprecedented sociological account of the dynamics of wine markets. They demonstrate how the concepts of genre and collective identity illuminate producers' choices, whether they are selling traditional or nonconventional wines.Winemakers face a fundamental choice: produce an existing style and develop an identity as a proponent of tradition or embrace foreign, new, or emerging categories and be seen as an innovator. To explain this dilemma, Negro, Hannan, and Olzak develop the notion of wine genres, or shared understandings among producers and the public. Genres emerge through the social structure of production, including factors such as group solidarity, social cohesion, and collective action, and become key reference points for critics and consumers. Wine Markets features case studies of the creation of a modern wine genre and a countermovement against modernism in Piedmont, the failure of producers of Brunello di Montalcino in Tuscany to define a clear collective identity, and the emergence of the biodynamic wine movement in Alsace. This book not only offers keen sociological insight into the wine world but also sheds new light on the logic of markets and organizations more broadly

Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. Logics of Organization Theory sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences. Organizat