Suchergebnisse

In common with most developing countries, the statistical
information about savings in Pakistan is weak and incomplete. Some
studies were made in the recent past [1(a), pp.1-50; 1(b), pp.163-208]
but these relate to specific sectors of the economy, or they are based
on one statistical source and may, therefore, be inconsistent with data
from other sources. The only comprehensive estimate is produced annually
by the Planning Commission as a corollary of its work on national
accounts and investment expenditures. Recent evaluation reports [2(a),
pp.5-9; 2(b), pp.21-25] have contained estimates of national gross
savings calculated as the difference between the investment expenditures
on one side, and external financing on the other. As the investment
estimates are derived from data on key inputs [2(a), pp.173-181; 2(b),
pp.137-144]—machinery, transport equipment, steel and cement—com¬bined
with a more detailed estimate for one year used as the benchmark, there
probably is a significant standard error of estimate here. With regard
to external finance, the balance of payments data used are probably more
accurate than the investment figures, but are also inadequate, notably
with regard to foreign private investment and technical
assistance.

This text traces the evolution of Mahbub ul Haq's thinking on development, and highlights its impact on global, regional and national policy debates, and relevance to today's headline events. The four parts of the book show Haq's contributions to the larger development debate from the 1960s to the 1990s, including on issues ranging from global governance, sustainable development, trade and debt, to food security, gender equality, and nuclear disarmament.

The vision of the founders of the United Nations, the World Bank and the IMF some fifty years ago contrasts sharply with the often weak and limited performance of the institutions they created. The 15 papers in this volume critically assess this record in order to set out proposals for strengthening and restructuring the institutions to meet the new challenges of the 21st century. The changes proposed emphasize human security rather than military security, poverty eradication, gender equity and new international mechanisms to offset growing global inequality.