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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2016). To Exit or Not To Exit: That is the Question. To Build or Retreat: That is Another Question. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(3), 219-221, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/pa.1618. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." ; Editorial. It has been a very interesting and tragic period for Europe over the last month. The UK voted to leave the EU in its Referendum, Its Prime Minister resigned and Teresa May has taken over as the Second female Conservative Prime Minister and formed a new government. The UK Economy took an initial battering in world markets but seems to have settled down now as global players perceive there are advantages and disadvantages for the UK in being in the EU, but the main thing is stability in global markets. It will also speed-up reform of the EU and its institutions, so this may be advantageous. We have also seen a sharp increase in horrific terror atrocities in Europe, notably France, Belgium and Germany which has pointed to the need for more effective management of our freedoms and security of our citizens. It has been a difficult Summer for Europe. We hope and pray that stability and safety will return as without that society will not be based on a balanced platform to provide for all We are also seeing the emergence of the two contenders for the US Presidency, Donald Trump versus Hilary Clinton. The non-establishment business candidate versus the female long serving politician and social reformer. Cleveland and Philadelphia have all given us insights into what is coming. In addition we will soon have elections in Germany and France, which could see major change, whilst growth in South East Asia continues steadily which can be seen in the positive meeting in Ulan Bator at the 11th ASEM Summit. World regulation and development now seems to be very much to the fore as we build and develop a truly global international economy accountable governmental and financial system, accountability, good governance and transparency will be the core underpinnings of that development This is a general issue of the Journal of Public Affairs

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2016). Monkey business, Marco Polo, and managing global public affairs and trade. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(1), 3-6, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/pa.1608. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Editorial We are now in the year of the Monkey, a year of excitement and innovation. Monkey years are often dramatic and see large-scale political change, and if you believe these things, it is predicted that we may see much political change and the forging of new alliances. Given the instability, we are seeing in the Middle East and large parts of Africa. Suspect that this is not a predication but a good probability. It is also over 700 years since Marco Polo started traveling eastwards and commented on Chinese and Indian civilizations and observed and recorded the vast amount of trade that was evident in Asia and moved along the Silk Road. He remarked that a stable system of government made this all work for the benefit of each society and that war invariably led to human suffering and mass migration and destruction. Little has changed except that the size of the Asian economies has become larger and the impact of war and conflict more psychologically impactful because of modern media, but the devastation on human life as tragic as ever. This is a general issue and reflects the vibrancy and range of material and research in the public affairs area. Researchers and practitioners represent the EU, Europe, North America, and Asia. We still have gaps in our knowledge geographically, particularly in understanding public affairs in China, India, Japan, and Korea; there has only been limited work on. The first

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2016). Across the Continents: the Global Reach of Public Affairs. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(2), 107-110., which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/pa.1613 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Editorial. Public affairs has grown from an industry and research base focused on North America and Europe to one reflecting the world and incorporating the growing consumer strength and development of Asia. When we launched this journal a decade ago, it was dominated by North American research and practice, reflecting much of the then existent economic and cultural hegemony. Increasingly, this was balanced by European contributions as the European Union evolved, and the UK lobbying and communications industry developed alongside its Commonwealth connected partners. This general issue reflects the new world with authors, contributing from Brazil, China, Ghana, Italy, Kenya, Korea, Pakistan, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, the UK and the USA. It allows one to evaluate and assess similar issues in each region and state and the campaigns and policy development to aid clarity, accountability, good governance and transparency. Commentary to various papers covering China, Etc.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2015). Migration, money, markets and morality. Journal of Public Affairs, 15(4), 331-333 , which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/pa.1591. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Editorial Over the last year, the pressure of economic migration and vast numbers of people on the move who have been destabilised by conflict, instability and deprivation has impacted dramatically upon Europe and particularly the European Union (EU). Pictures of drowned children washed up on beaches, boat swampings, human flotsam, dead bodies of those suffocated and rotting in trucks of those who died being smuggled into the EU from suffocation and heat exhaustion. These are not the pictures of a civilised society and show the gang masters, wretches and gangsters of society taking advantage of human desperation. A coherent policy on economic migrants and political asylum seekers for the multi-state union has shown that one policy fitting all has buckled, broke and does not work. One has to be focused on supporting the weak and the vulnerable and giving clear guidelines on the numbers and quality of migrants that are needed in an economy. This works well in Australia, Canada and New Zealand and should be adopted more widely across the EU. Conflict and instability in the Middle East is fuelling much of this migration and the search for safety by asylum seekers. The instability of Africa and the North Coast of Africa is not helping. Long-term answers and care for immediate needs must be the answer. Europe like America has benefitted from economic migration and the wonderful contributions that asylum seekers and the persecuted have made in the past. We must make policy for refugees and migrants a public affairs and policy priority. This is a general issue of the journal and shows the breadth of thinking across the discipline.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2015). The War to End All Wars: Reflections on the First World War and Public Affairs. Journal of Public Affairs, 15(1), 1-3 , which has been published in final form atdoi: 10.1002/pa.1559. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Editorial As I write this many of us are reflecting upon the outbreak and impact of the First World War on Europe and the World. It was declared during the Summer of 1914 in Europe, when much decision making was limited due to leaders being on holiday and was almost inevitable as some have argued, as the trains had been booked and troops were mobilised. Clearly political communications were not good and European Continental Entente fell apart under the pressures of ambition, greed, nationalism, a lack of trust and public affairs systems not being in place to build cooperation and stop mass destruction. As Margot Asquith the wife of the British Prime minister put it "War! War! – everyone at dinner discussing how long the war would last. The average opinion was 3 weeks to 3 months" (24th July 1914, Page 4 in Brock and Brock, 2014). Of course others, Kitchener, amongst them said it would be a year. It was not a short war but a long one, that lasted for over four years and sucked in every part of the world and destroyed a generation of youth and leaders, which Europe has taken almost a hundred years to fully recover from. Let us reflect, draw lessons and do all in our power to ensure it is never contemplated again and that political decision making and public affairs is never as in inadequate again The themes within this general issue of the JPA focus on climate change, corruption, environmental policy, lobbying, political marketing, public affairs, renewable energy and water policy. A range of critical areas of study and operation both for the modern researcher and practitioner in international public affairs. Countries covered include Belgium, Eire, Switzerland, UK, US and of course organisationally interesting in trade and regulation terms the WTO. Followed by various articles

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Harris, P. (2015). GREXIT, Openness, Transparency and Honesty in Systems (GOTHS): Public Affairs Reflections on Changing Economies and Societies. Journal of Public Affairs, 15(3), 227-230. , which has been published in final form at doi:10.1002/pa.1577. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Editorial Financial capacity and political perspicacity are inversely correlated. Long-run salvation by men of business has never been highly regarded if it means disturbance of orderly life and convenience in the present. So inaction will be advocated in the present even though it means deep trouble in the future. Here, at least equally with Communism, lies the threat to Capitalism. It is what causes men who know that things are going quite wrong to say that things are fundamentally sound.' Galbraith (2009), The Great Crash of 1929. Page 194 The rumbles of the fallout from the 2008 financial crisis are still with us as the EU has put together another bailout proposal for Greece as a member of the Euro Zone. One wonders whether monitoring and support for quality fiscal management of economies within the Euro Zone have been as robust and rigorous as it should have been. Clearly something for the banks, finance ministers, businesses and economists to reflect on as the Greek Banking system is propped up by Central European economies. Good basic banking is paramount; one can only borrow what one can payback at a realistic rate or one starts moving into areas of usury level re-payments and financial distrust and disharmony in society. To tread carefully, stimulate business, civic society, creativity and be supportive of well managed economies seems to be the general rule that works. Finance and international banking is increasingly attracting major public affairs activity, partly a result of the failures in the system which led to the financial crash in 2008. Bankers were not the only people to blame for the crash but also central bankers and other international financial regulators who bear the responsibility too, who mishandled the crisis and failed to keep economic imbalances in check and for not exercising proper oversight of institutions. The development of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and gradual roll out of the RMB as a world trading currency may lead to greater transparency and balance on theworld financial scene and help stimulate better global regulation of markets and currencies. The signs are good that this will happen. Clearly reform of financial institutions to cope with the rapid speed of financial trading, markets and shifting trends in world trade and investment is needed, underpinned by greater transparency and regulation. The issue contains arange of articles.