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Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction - Physical Places and Virtual Spaces: Libraries, Archives and Museums in a Digital Age -- 2 LAM institutions: a Cross-country Comparison of Legislation and Statistics on Services and Use -- 3 The Digitalization Imperative: Sacralization of Technology in LAM Policies -- 4 The Institutions Go Digital -- 5 Norwegian National Policies for Digitalization in the LAM Sector - Imperative and Implementation -- 6 Organization and Funding of Digitization in the Visegrád Countries -- 7 Institutional Convergence and Divergence in Norwegian Cultural Policy: Central Government LAM Organization 1999-2019 -- 8 LAM Professionals and the Public Sphere -- 9 Perceptions and Implications of User Participation and Engagement in Libraries, Archives and Museums -- 10 Like, Share and Comment! The Use of Facebook by Public Libraries and Museums: A Case Study from Tromsø, Norway -- 11 Reading Between the Shelves - the Library as Perspective in Life and Profession -- 12 The Use of LAM Institutions in the Digital Age -- 13 Libraries and Democracy in Germany. As Perceived by the Public in Contrast to the Professionals -- 14 Democratic Coexistence, Tiny Publics and Participatory Emancipation at the Public Library -- 15 Being, Learning, Doing: A Palace for the Children? -- 16 Libraries and the Sámi population in Norway - Assimilation and Resistance -- 17 The Joys of Wiki Work: Craftsmanship, Flow and Self-externalization in a Digital Environment -- The Authors -- Index

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach: A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Findings: Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value: Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.

Accepted manuscript. Final version published in Journal of Documentation , available at https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-02-2019-0015. ; Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries–Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland–was undertaken. Findings – Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value – Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach: A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Findings: Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value: Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap. ; The Research Council of Norway Project 259052 ; acceptedVersion