Suchergebnisse

Die beiden Autorinnen beschäftigen sich mit der südafrikanischen Debatte über Nutzen und Schaden der Biotechnologie für die landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Den Ausgangspunkt ihres Beitrags bildet der Weltumweltgipfel in Johannesburg vom August 2002. Sie skizzieren, wie die Politik hinsichtlich gentechnischer Veränderungen in der Landwirtschaft Südafrikas von transnationalen Netzwerken der Information, der Interessen, der Regulierung und des Ressourcenaustauschs mitgeprägt wurde. Entwicklung und Perspektiven Südafrikas auf diesem Gebiet wird ein zentraler Stellenwert für die Zukunft der Biotechnologie im Bereich der Ernährungssicherung auf dem gesamten afrikanischen Kontinent beigemessen. (DÜI-Kör)

This paper examines how a transnational corporation (TNC) translates global standards and corporate policies into programs at sites of extraction. We explore this question through a comparative analysis of ExxonMobil's operations in two different politico-economic contexts: the Sakhalin-1 project in Russia and the Point Thomson project on the North Slope of Alaska, with field work on Sakhalin Island in 2013–2015 and in Alaska in 2015–2018. Theoretically, we use the Deleuzian concept of "diagram" as a lens through which to examine corporate policies, and a governance generating network (GGN) approach to analyze similarities and differences in benefit-sharing programs in both localities. We show that while global commitments and corporate principles contribute to a standardized approach to community engagement, Indigenous movements and associations, the government, and other corporate actors may play important roles in influencing how corporate policies and global standards are implemented at sites of extraction. Moreover, adaptation of community engagement, benefit-sharing, and environmental monitoring in one location may shape how the company's strategies are implemented in other sites of extraction.

This paper examines how a transnational corporation (TNC) translates global standards and corporate policies into programs at sites of extraction. We explore this question through a comparative analysis of ExxonMobil's operations in two different politico-economic contexts: the Sakhalin-1 project in Russia and the Point Thomson project on the North Slope of Alaska, with field work on Sakhalin Island in 2013–2015 and in Alaska in 2015–2018. Theoretically, we use the Deleuzian concept of "diagram" as a lens through which to examine corporate policies, and a governance generating network (GGN) approach to analyze similarities and differences in benefit-sharing programs in both localities. We show that while global commitments and corporate principles contribute to a standardized approach to community engagement, Indigenous movements and associations, the government, and other corporate actors may play important roles in influencing how corporate policies and global standards are implemented at sites of extraction. Moreover, adaptation of community engagement, benefit-sharing, and environmental monitoring in one location may shape how the company's strategies are implemented in other sites of extraction.

Agriculture provides the backbone of the economy in many African countries. Moreover, the majority of the rural poor depend on agriculture either directly or indirectly for their livelihoods.1 Developing agriculture specifi cally and the rural sector more broadly are key components of Africa's pathway out of poverty. Yet in the last decades of the 20th century, agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suff ered from a tragedy of political inattention and disinvestment. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2; ReSAKSS ; DSGD

The need for agricultural ministries to have the capacity to develop appropriate policies and effectively implement them is becoming increasingly important as African countries, following on their commitment to Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP), pursue economic growth through agriculture-led development. The ministries need to take the lead in pulling together evidence based strategies and building partnerships that ensures their ownership. As donors begin to align their policies with those of governments, an increasingly large share of external support to agriculture is likely to be delivered in the form of support to budgets rather than specially implemented projects. Capacities of ministries and effectiveness public systems will have significant bearing on effectiveness and impact of investments in agriculture. This public expenditure and institutional review of Ghana's Ministry of Food and Agriculture offers insights on diagnosing limitations to and identifying strategies for improving the capacity of ministries to make effective use of human and financial resources. The review makes use a conceptual framework in which mission and functions, organizational capacity - a combination of structures, processes and resources -and organizational incentives interact to produce organizational performance. Indicative strategies are recommended that the ministry can use to generate discussions internally and developed a set a reforms that are owned. They key message is that to improve performance both capacity and incentives faced by organizations need to be addressed. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP32 ; DSGD