Suchergebnisse

To document the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly dependent on the inventory as an important resource and bellweather of the pervasiveness of nanotechnology in society. We interviewed 68 nanotechnology experts to assess key information needs. Their answers guided inventory modifications by providing a clear conceptual framework best suited for user expectations. The revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. The Health and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71%) of the products do not present enough supporting information to corroborate the claim that nanomaterials are used. The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments. There are inherent limitations to this type of database, but these modifications to the inventory addressed the majority of criticisms raised in published literature and in surveys of nanotechnology stakeholders and experts. The development of standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry. ; ICTAS ; Virginia Tech Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology ; National Science Foundation ; NSF Cooperative Agreement EF-0830093

Zn2Al-CO3 was produced continuously at bench (g h(-1)), pilot (100s g h -1) and industrial scale (10s kg h(-1)). Crystal domain length and BET surface area were similar at all three scales although there was a small increase at pilot scale. Platelet size increased from 120 nm at bench to 177 nm and 165 nm at pilot scale and industrial scale, respectively. Overall this paper shows that the increase in scale by almost 2000x does not impact on the overall product quality which is an excellent indicator that continuous hydrothermal synthesis is a route for nanomaterials synthesis. ; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the Doctoral Training Partnerships - University of Nottingham [EP/M506588/1]; European Union [FP7-NMP4-LA-2012-280983] ; This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/M506588/1] as part of the Doctoral Training Partnerships - University of Nottingham. This work was part funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), grant agreement no. FP7-NMP4-LA-2012-280983, SHYMAN. Our thanks to the staff at Promethean Particles Ltd for assistance and guidance throughout.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers are increasingly used in industrial, academic, military, and residential sectors, yet their emissions and associated user exposure scenarios are not fully described. Characterization of potential user exposure and environmental releases requires robust investigation. During operation, common FFF 3D printers emit varying amounts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) depending upon feedstock material and operation procedures. Volatile organic compounds associated with these emissions exhibit distinct odors; however, the UFP portion is largely imperceptible by humans. This investigation presents straightforward computational modeling as well as experimental validation to provide actionable insights for proactive design of lower exposure spaces where 3D printers may be used. Specifically, data suggest that forced clean airflows may create lower exposure spaces, and that computational modeling might be employed to predict these spaces with reasonable accuracy to assist with room design. The configuration and positioning of room air ventilation diffusers may be a key factor identifying lower exposure spaces. A workflow of measuring emissions during a printing process in an ANSI/CAN/UL 2904 environmental chamber was used to provide data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of a 6 m(2) room. Measurements of the particle concentrations in a Class 1000 clean room of identical geometry were found to pass the Hanna test for agreement between model and experimental data, validating the findings.