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The issue this study explores is to investigate the determinants of smart tourism destinations (STDs) on tourists' experiences. To address this issue, this study purports to identify different configuration paths of determinants that lead to tourists' positive experiences in STDs and explain the mechanism of the configuration effects of different determinants. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method was adopted to conduct a survey on 266 tourists who went to five Chinese STDs between 2021 and 2022. Smart tourism technologies, smart destination governance, personalized service, and smart infrastructure, co-creation formed distinct combination paths through different configurations. The findings demonstrated that smart infrastructure and co-creation are necessary conditions to arouse tourists' positive experiences. The results of fsQCA analysis further revealed five causal configurations leading to tourists' positive experiences. The study provides theoretical and practical implications for STDs to design effective tourism services as well as enhance tourists' overall experiences.

Today, startups are achieving innovation differently from traditional companies based on quick application of new technologies, promptness in decision-making, and active risk-taking. In this background, the startup innovation ecosystem (SIE) is defined as a system of innovation actors and influencing factors and their relationship, affecting innovation-based startup activities and their performance. SIE is distinct from the traditional national innovation system (NIS) and has an impact on NIS and government policy, co-evolving in the time. This study investigated how the Korean government, which is experiencing the R&D paradox of high R&D investment but low productivity, seeks to change the NIS by developing the SIE. According to our analytical framework of the SIE, Korea's SIE is analysed in terms of startups, technology/knowledge, training/human capital, finance, infrastructure, and globalisation. In particular, the evolutionary process of startups-related policies is explained with several specific examples of policy programmes. It is found that Korea's SIE has achieved unique development, with the government's active supporting policy for startups, and has produced a big positive impact on Korea's NIS.