Suchergebnisse

John Grieve Smith traces the origins of postwar full employment policies in the experience of the interwar years and the work of Keynes and Beveridge. He reviews the successful achievement of full employment after the war and its subsequent abandonment as the Keynesian consensus gave way to the new, monetarist-inspired, orthodoxy. The book puts forward alternative proposals for expansionary policies, and for international financial reform. It is written throughout in terms accessible to both the layperson and the expert.

The social and environmental implications of plantations in the CDM are analysed under a hypothetical laissez faire approach and a proactive approach to sustainable development (SD), bounded by existing COP7 agreements and efficency and equity considerations. Implications for timber rich, timber depleted and inherently timber poor regions are assessed. The social risks of industrial plantations cannot fully addressed under COP7 rules and are likely to be highest in timber rich regions under repressive regimes or wherre politics dominate the forestry sector. Risk could, however, be reduced through minimum standards for stakeholder consultation and favourable legal institutions. Low cost opportunities with multiple benefits exist and require information dissemination, but some opportunities for biodiversity benefits will need financial support. Reduction of transaction costs would increase the participation of small holder plantations but their role is likely to remain limited. Inclusion of assisted natural regeneration opens up opportunities for options with multiple benefits.

THE DISPUTE OVER GEORGIA IN THE LATTER PART OF 1922 WAS A CRITICAL EPISODE IN EARLY SOVIET HISTORY, WHICH MAY HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO A MAJOR RIFT BETWEEN LENIN AND STALIN AND COULD HAVE INFLUENCED THE WHOLE STUCTURE OF THE SOVIET UNION. A STUDY OF DOCUMENTS SHOW THAT THE PROGRESS AND OUTCOME OF THE GEORGIAN AFFAIR WERE DECIDED BY A COMBINATION OF GENUINE AND SIGNIFICANT POLICY DISAGREEMENTS, THE PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN PROTAGONISTS, AND THOSE SMALL ACCIDENTS OF HISTORY WHOSE SIGNIFICANCE IS OFTEN IGNORED. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES A DETAILED ACCOUNT, IN A NEUTRAL CONTEXT, OF THE COURSE OF EVENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS THE DIVERSE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCED THEIR OUTCOME.