Suchergebnisse

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama valstybės paramos žiniasklaidos subjektams politikos raida 1991–2012 m. Remiantis priimtais teisės aktais nustatoma, kokia parama ir kokiais laikotarpiais per Spaudos, radijo ir televizijos rėmimo fondą ir mokesčių subsidijų būdu buvo teikiama žiniasklaidai Lietuvoje. Analizuojamaspaudos ir su ja susijusių paslaugų neapmokestinimo ir apmokestinimo bendrojo akcizo, pridėtinės vertės mokesčiu bei lengvatų taikymo problematika.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad palyginti dažni teisės aktų, susijusių su spaudos apmokestinimu pridėtinės vertės mokesčiu, keitimai ir kasmet skiriamos paramos žiniasklaidai iš valstybės biudžeto dydžio priklausymas nuo politinės daugumos valios parlamente rodo, kad išlaidų ir mokesčių subsidijų politika žiniasklaidos subjektų atžvilgiu 1991–2012 m. nebuvo tinkamai formuojama ir įgyvendinama.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: valstybė, politika, žiniasklaida, mokesčiai, parama, subsidijos, lengvatos.The media support policy in LithuaniaDeimantas Jastramskis SummaryThe article analyzes the development of state support policy for media organizations in Lithuania in 1991–2012. There are examined direct subsidies from the state budget and indirect subsidies such as value added tax exemption. The value added tax on press sales has changed several times. The exemption of the value added tax for periodicals was removed in 2009–2012. Media organizations receive state budget subsidies through the public body of the Press, Radio and Television Support Fund. The total amount of subsidies from the state budget changes every year. It depends on the political will of the Lithuanian Parliament. The article claims that the media support policy in Lithuania has not been consistent and effective.

The article analyzes the development of state support policy for media organizations in Lithuania in 1991–2012. There are examined direct subsidies from the state budget and indirect subsidies such as value added tax exemption. The value added tax on press sales has changed several times. The exemption of the value added tax for periodicals was removed in 2009–2012. Media organizations receive state budget subsidies through the public body of the Press, Radio and Television Support Fund. The total amount of subsidies from the state budget changes every year. It depends on the political will of the Lithuanian Parliament. The article claims that the media support policy in Lithuania has not been consistent and effective.

The article analyzes the development of state support policy for media organizations in Lithuania in 1991–2012. There are examined direct subsidies from the state budget and indirect subsidies such as value added tax exemption. The value added tax on press sales has changed several times. The exemption of the value added tax for periodicals was removed in 2009–2012. Media organizations receive state budget subsidies through the public body of the Press, Radio and Television Support Fund. The total amount of subsidies from the state budget changes every year. It depends on the political will of the Lithuanian Parliament. The article claims that the media support policy in Lithuania has not been consistent and effective.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama valstybės paramos žiniasklaidos subjektams politikos raida 1991–2012 m. Remiantis priimtais teisės aktais nustatoma, kokia parama ir kokiais laikotarpiais per Spaudos, radijo ir televizijos rėmimo fondą ir mokesčių subsidijų būdu buvo teikiama žiniasklaidai Lietuvoje. Analizuojamaspaudos ir su ja susijusių paslaugų neapmokestinimo ir apmokestinimo bendrojo akcizo, pridėtinės vertės mokesčiu bei lengvatų taikymo problematika.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad palyginti dažni teisės aktų, susijusių su spaudos apmokestinimu pridėtinės vertės mokesčiu, keitimai ir kasmet skiriamos paramos žiniasklaidai iš valstybės biudžeto dydžio priklausymas nuo politinės daugumos valios parlamente rodo, kad išlaidų ir mokesčių subsidijų politika žiniasklaidos subjektų atžvilgiu 1991–2012 m. nebuvo tinkamai formuojama ir įgyvendinama.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: valstybė, politika, žiniasklaida, mokesčiai, parama, subsidijos, lengvatos.The media support policy in LithuaniaDeimantas Jastramskis
SummaryThe article analyzes the development of state support policy for media organizations in Lithuania in 1991–2012. There are examined direct subsidies from the state budget and indirect subsidies such as value added tax exemption. The value added tax on press sales has changed several times. The exemption of the value added tax for periodicals was removed in 2009–2012. Media organizations receive state budget subsidies through the public body of the Press, Radio and Television Support Fund. The total amount of subsidies from the state budget changes every year. It depends on the political will of the Lithuanian Parliament. The article claims that the media support policy in Lithuania has not been consistent and effective.

The article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system. T he claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.

The article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system. T he claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistemos funkcionavimas. Remiantis D. Hallino irP. Mancini sudarytais žiniasklaidos sistemų modeliais: poliarizuotuoju pliuralistiniu, demokratiniu korporaciniu ir liberaliuoju, aiškinamasi, kokius šių modelių bruožus yra įgijusi Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistema. Žiniasklaidos sistemos modelių bruožai nustatomi analizuojant keturias dimensijas: laikraščių industrijos plėtros procesą, politinį paralelizmą žiniasklaidoje, žurnalistinio profesionalizmo esamybę ir valstybės intervencijos į žiniasklaidos sistemą pobūdį.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad formuojant teisinę, politinę, ekonominę žiniasklaidos aplinką ir žiniasklaidos savitvarkos sistemą, Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistema įgijo poliarizuotojo pliuralistinio, demokratinio korporacinio ir liberaliojo modelių bruožų, tačiau vyraujantys yra poliarizuotojo pliuralistinio modelio bruožai, būdingi Viduržemio jūros šalių žiniasklaidos sistemoms.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žiniasklaida, sistema, modelis, valstybė.Features of the model of the Lithuanian media systemDeimantas Jastramskis SummaryThe article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system.The claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.>

The article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system. T he claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.

The article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system. T he claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistemos funkcionavimas. Remiantis D. Hallino irP. Mancini sudarytais žiniasklaidos sistemų modeliais: poliarizuotuoju pliuralistiniu, demokratiniu korporaciniu ir liberaliuoju, aiškinamasi, kokius šių modelių bruožus yra įgijusi Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistema. Žiniasklaidos sistemos modelių bruožai nustatomi analizuojant keturias dimensijas: laikraščių industrijos plėtros procesą, politinį paralelizmą žiniasklaidoje, žurnalistinio profesionalizmo esamybę ir valstybės intervencijos į žiniasklaidos sistemą pobūdį.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad formuojant teisinę, politinę, ekonominę žiniasklaidos aplinką ir žiniasklaidos savitvarkos sistemą, Lietuvos žiniasklaidos sistema įgijo poliarizuotojo pliuralistinio, demokratinio korporacinio ir liberaliojo modelių bruožų, tačiau vyraujantys yra poliarizuotojo pliuralistinio modelio bruožai, būdingi Viduržemio jūros šalių žiniasklaidos sistemoms.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žiniasklaida, sistema, modelis, valstybė.Features of the model of the Lithuanian media systemDeimantas Jastramskis
SummaryThe article analyzes the functioning of the Lithuanian media system. Based on the D. Hallin's and P. Mancini's theoretical scheme of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal and Polarized Pluralist), the main features of the system are delineated. This is achieved by the analysis of four media system dimensions: development of newspaper industry, political parallelism in the media, professionalization of journalism, and the role of the state in the media system.The claim of the article is that in the formation process of, the media environment (legal, political, economic) and self-regulation, the Lithuanian media system acquired features of all three models of media systems. However, features of the Polarized Pluralist model (which are typical of Mediterranean countries) are predominant.>

Straipsnio objektas – žiniasklaidos psichologijos dalykas – parasocialinė žiniasklaidos veikėjų ir auditorijos sąveika. Straipsnyje aptariami ir analizuojami parasocialinę sąveiką tyrusių mokslininkų darbai, pateikiamas ir nagrinėjamas psichologinis parasocialinės sąveikos modelis, pristatomi ir aptariami Vytauto Kernagio gerbėjų, kaip parasocialinės sąveikos dalyvių, internetinių atsiliepimų kokybinės turinio analizės rezultatai.Straipsnyje teigiama, kad parasocialiniai žiniasklaidos veikėjų ir auditorijos narių santykiai apima daugybę skirtingų sąveikų. Stipriausi santykiai yra sukuriami per ilgesnį laiką su veikėjais, pristatomais įvairių žiniasklaidos priemonių ir atliekančiais įvairius vaidmenis. Parasocialinė garsenybių ir auditorijos sąveika tęsiasi ir garsenybėms mirus. Šios tąsos stiprumą lemia išėjusios asmenybės suformuoto įvaizdžio mastas ir žiniasklaidos industrijos pastangų intensyvumas skleisti garsenybės kūrinius ir su jos vardu susijusius pranešimus.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žiniasklaida, parasocialinė sąveika, auditorija, žiniasklaidos veikėjas, garsenybė.Parasocial Interaction between Media Actors and AudienceDeimantas Jastramskis
SummaryThe aim of the work was to analyze the development of parasocial relationships between media actors and audience. The analysis is based on the research of the processes of parasocial interaction and the psychological model of parasocial interaction. The author analyses parasocial interaction between audience and the prominent Lithuanian actor Vytautas Kernagis. After his death, a large number of comments were placed on the Delfi website. These comments were analyzed for themes relating to aspects of the parasocial relationships that the fans had experienced with Vytautas Kernagis.The claim of the article is that parasocial relationships between media actors and audience members encompass dozens of diverse interactions. Strongest relationships are created in the longer term with actors who appear in diverse media and perform diverse roles. Parasocial interaction continues when celebrities die. The strength of this continuation depends on the scale of image of a celebrity and on the intensity of attempts of media industry to disseminate the works of a celebrity and messages about the celebrity.

Žiniasklaidos priemonės naujienų turinys kuriamas žiniasklaidos organizacijoje. Kokias naujienas pateikti visuomenei, sprendžia žiniasklaidos priemonių naujienų turinio administratoriai-redaktoriai. Jų sprendimai priklauso nuo žiniasklaidos rganizacijos struktūros ir struktūrinių padalinių galių pasiskirstymo. Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti žiniasklaidos organizacijos nuosavybės bei valdymo struktūros ir žiniasklaidos priemonės naujienų turinio šališkumo sąsajas. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad kuo labiau yra koncentruota žiniasklaidos organizacijos nuosavybės ir valdymo struktūra, tuo labiau yra šališkas žiniasklaidos priemonės turinys; jog didelės nuosavybės ir valdymo koncentracijos organizacijose didžiausias reklamos užsakymų apimtis pateikiančių reklamuotojų veikla naujienų turinyje yra pateikiama palankiau nei kitų reklamuotojų.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žiniasklaidos organizacija, nuosavybės struktūra, žiniasklaidos priemonė, naujienų šališkumas, nacionalinis dienraštis.Connection between the ownership structure of media organization and partiality of newsDeimantas Jastramskis
SummaryThe content of media news is created by media organizations. Their decisions depend on the structure of media organization and the distribution of power among sections of the organization. The aim of the article is to analyze the connection between the ownership structure of media organization and the partiality of news. The claim of the article is that the concentrated structure of the ownership and management of media organization results in the partiality of media news. The businesses of the main advertisers have a better coverage in the content of news compares with other advertisers in a concentrated structure of ownership and management of media organizations.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.

Questions concerning the bias of media content and the role it plays in political process are important when discussing aspects of informa-quality and quantity. Bias by definition means that media content is deliberately - as opposed to accidentally - skewed. Media bias is intentional. There is little reason to describe one article per se as biased as a single report may be unbalanced or inaccurate. By its nature, bias is persistent over a period of time. The term, persistent, is intended to applied to longer periods of time (i.e. weeks, month, years, etc.) A bias can change because bias is in principle ideological (i.e. if the goals of a given media entity change, so may its bias). This article analyzes bias in national daily newspapers as they covered the Lithuanian presidential campaign in 2004. It assumes that unbiased reporting constitutes balanced reporting. The article presents research data where the amount of text and visual information are both measured. This information was published in every national daily newspaper during the election campaign and is specifically concerned with candidates. The information is evaluated in the article as whether its content was favourable, neutral or unfavourable to the campaign of a given candidate. The quantity of each candidate's advertising in newspapers during the campaign period is also measured. Results in the research show the level of bias in national daily newspapers during the presidential campaign and correlations between the amount of any given candidate s advertising and the degree of favourable, neutral and unfavourable information concerning that given candidate. In some cases of national daily newspapers Pearson correlations are statistically significant.