This study investigates whether and how knowledge-intensive HRM systems (KIHRS) impact the performance of knowledge-intensive teams (KITs). We integrate the ability-motivation-opportunity theory with the knowledge management literature to hypothesize that KIHRS affect KIT performance through team knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation processes. A total of 543 responses (408 team members and 135 team leaders) from 135 KIT of 119 firms were collected in two waves with a time lag of 3 months. The findings indicate that KIHRS relate positively to KIT performance. Furthermore, team knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation work in a sequence to mediate the relationship between KIHRS and KIT performance.
AbstractMany regulations have been enacted to prevent the multinational firm's (MNF's) tax avoidance and cause the enforcement cost of incoming shifting. This paper investigates the impact of the enforcement cost on a firm's tax‐efficient supply chain allocation strategy, wherein the firm can either create a research and development (R&D) center that innovates the intangible assets or create a distributor that acts as a marketing hub, in a low tax region to explore tax arbitrage. We show that when the firm engages in market competition and the impact of the enforcement cost is low, it prefers to create a distributor in the low tax region to align the benefits of tax saving and internal coordination. While if the impact of the enforcement cost is high, the firm prefers R&D center in the low tax region that can effectively mitigate the enforcement cost and achieve tax saving. When the market competition becomes more intense, the firm becomes more likely to choose R&D center in the low tax region to alleviate market competition. In this scenario, the social welfare is always higher when the firm allocates distributor in the low tax region. When an external supplier exists, the firm is still more likely to choose R&D center in the low tax region to reduce the supplier's wholesale price. What's more, in the presence of external supplier, the social welfare can be higher under either allocation format.
Given the critical role of leaders in managing employees' goal-setting, we theorized and examined how leader proactive goal regulation facilitates employee proactive goal processes and outcomes. Based on a sample of 74 leaders and 371 employees who work in research and development groups, we found that employees' three motivational states—role breadth self-efficacy, psychological ownership, and activated positive affect—were positively associated with job performance via employee proactive goal regulation. In addition, the effects of leader proactive goal regulation on this mediation model were twofold. First, there was a direct effect on employee proactive goal regulation, which, in turn, positively related to job performance. Second, there was a moderating effect of leader proactive goal regulation such that employees delivered high job performance when their leaders were high in proactive goal regulation, regardless of employees' own levels of proactive goal regulation. This study highlights the importance of not only employee but also leader proactive goal regulation in connecting employees' proactive motivational states with job performance.
Dockless bikesharing (DBS) has been considered as a solution to the first and last mile problem of metro connectivity. Leveraging data covering all DBS programs in Shanghai, China, this study evaluated bike-and-ride (BnR) activities in DBS-metro systems via four metrics: BnR trip count, BnR rate, shared-bike utilization rate, and catchment size (85th percentile transfer distance). A set of generalized additive models considering marginal nonlinear interactions was fitted to examine associations between the four metrics and external environment, including land use, socio-demographics, roadway designs, transportation facilities, metro station features, and DBS operator features. Different buffer sizes measured by network distance were tested to check model robustness and find optimal buffers. Results showed that: 1) metro stations near the city center exhibited greater BnR trip count, higher BnR rate, lower shared-bike utilization rate, and smaller catchment size; 2) proportion of public and residential land suggested positive relationships with BnR trip count but lose their significances after offsetting metro ridership; 3) numbers of colleges, shopping malls, and carsharing stations presented positive relationships with both BnR trip count and BnR rate; 4) land use mix was significantly positively associated with BnR trip count only when buffer size was larger than 1.5 km; 5) regions with higher population density went from less BnR activities in the city center to more BnR activities in the suburbs; 6) Large DBS operators outperformed small ones in BnR trip count but not in bike utilization rate. Taken together, this study uncovers a spatially disproportionate and supply-demand unbalanced distribution of DBS resources, which could attenuate the efficiency and attractiveness of using DBS to BnR. DBS operators and local governments should evaluate DBS systems from multiple perspectives to avoid an oversupplied and over-competing market. ; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103271
Leader networking behaviors for innovation (LNBI) is an important yet less studied topic in innovation research. This study investigates the behavioral cascading effect of LNBI on organizational support for innovation. Building on faultline theory and the demographic representativeness approach, we conceptualize vertical faultlines as demographic misalignment across job ranks, and hypothesize their moderating effects on the relationships between LNBI and organizational support for innovation. Results from a large, multi-source sample of 55 work units in a U.S. high-technology firm support the mediation model that senior leaders' LNBI influences unit-level support for innovation through junior leaders' LNBI. Moreover, the relationship between junior leaders' LNBI and unit-level support for innovation was more pronounced in work units with weaker rather than stronger vertical faultlines between employees and junior leaders. Our findings highlight the importance of leader networking activities and structural configurations of workforce diversity in building organizational support for innovation.
Abstract. Through investigation and analysis of geological conditions and mechanical parameters of the Tazihping landslide, finite-volume method coupling with Voellmy model is used to simulate the landslide mass movement process. The present paper adopts the numerical approach of the RAMMS software program and the GIS platform to simulate the mass movement process before and after engineering treatment. This paper also provides the conditions and characteristic variables of flow-type landslide in terms of flow height, velocity, and stresses. The 3-D division of hazard zones before and after engineering treatment was also mapped. The results indicate that the scope of hazard zones decreased after engineering treatment of the landslide. Compared with the case of before engineering treatment, the extent of high-hazard zones was reduced by about two-thirds, and the characteristic variables of the mass movement in the case of after treatment decreased to one-third of those in the case of before treatment. Despite having engineering treatment, the Tazhiping landslide still poses significant potential threat to the nearby residences. Therefore, it suggests that the houses located in high-hazard zones should be relocated or reinforced for protection.
Nonfungibility is taken to be the fundamental characteristic of mental accounting. We put forward the hypothesis that nonfungibility is not absolute: that there is a flow of money from an account containing consumer items of low psychological value to an account containing consumer items of high psychological value. To evaluate the hypothesis we designed 2 related experiments, and invited 236 undergraduates and 240 male workers to participate in the research. It was shown in Study 1 that there was a flow of money from a luxury account to either a communication or a food account, and from a communication account to a food account, but not in the opposite directions. In Study 2 it was found that with the increased attractiveness of a gamble, the flow of money into an entertainment account from other accounts became more likely. The results in this study offer preliminary evidence of the agility of mental accounts.
This study examines the effects of educational specialty and nationality faultline strength on the team processes of task-relevant information sharing and social interactions and subsequent team performance using data from 308 individuals working in 50 student project teams. We found that educational specialty faultline strength negatively predicted task-relevant information sharing, and that nationality faultline strength negatively predicted off-task social interactions. Furthermore, task-relevant information sharing enhanced team performance and heightened identity salience. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Abstract. Debris flows are natural disasters that frequently occur in mountainous areas, usually accompanied by serious loss of lives and properties. One of the most commonly used approaches to mitigate the risk associated with debris flows is the implementation of early warning systems based on well-calibrated rainfall thresholds. However, many mountainous areas have little data regarding rainfall and hazards, especially in debris-flow-forming regions. Therefore, the traditional statistical analysis method that determines the empirical relationship between rainstorms and debris flow events cannot be effectively used to calculate reliable rainfall thresholds in these areas. After the severe Wenchuan earthquake, there were plenty of deposits deposited in the gullies, which resulted in several debris flow events. The triggering rainfall threshold has decreased obviously. To get a reliable and accurate rainfall threshold and improve the accuracy of debris flow early warning, this paper developed a quantitative method, which is suitable for debris flow triggering mechanisms in meizoseismal areas, to identify rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning in areas with a scarcity of data based on the initiation mechanism of hydraulic-driven debris flow. First, we studied the characteristics of the study area, including meteorology, hydrology, topography and physical characteristics of the loose solid materials. Then, the rainfall threshold was calculated by the initiation mechanism of the hydraulic debris flow. The comparison with other models and with alternate configurations demonstrates that the proposed rainfall threshold curve is a function of the antecedent precipitation index (API) and 1 h rainfall. To test the proposed method, we selected the Guojuanyan gully, a typical debris flow valley that during the 2008–2013 period experienced several debris flow events, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, as a case study. The comparison with other threshold models and configurations shows that the selected approach is the most promising starting point for further studies on debris flow early warning systems in areas with a scarcity of data.
"China's reform and opening-up have contributed to its long-term and rapid economic development, resulting in a much stronger economic strength and much better life for its people. Meanwhile, the deepening economic integration between China and the world has resulted in an increasingly complex environment, growing influencing factors and severe challenges to China's economic development. Under the "new normal" of the Chinese economy, accurate analysis of the economic situation is essential to scientific decision-making, sustainable and healthy economic development and to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. By applying statistical and national economic accounting methods, and based on detailed statistics and national economic accounting data, this book presents an in-depth analysis of the key economic fields, such as real estate economy, automotive industry, high-tech industry, investment, opening-up, income distribution of residents, economic structure, balance of payments structure and financial operation, since the reform and opening-up, especially in recent years. It aims to depict the performance and characteristics of these key economic fields and their roles in the development of national economy, thus providing useful suggestions for economic decision-making, and facilitating the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects."
