Suchergebnisse

Dans cet article, nous explorons le contexte sociétal qui a facilité une institutionnalisation de l'islam en Grande-Bretagne. La non-séparation de l'Église et de l'État ainsi que les possibilités de participation politique sont les deux piliers de l'interaction entre les musulmans et la société britannique. Leurs revendications et leurs modalités d'organisation sociale se déploient dans ce cadre. Nous examinerons la participation de ce groupe ainsi que son identité, en accordant une attention particulière aux jeunes et aux femmes de culture musulmane.

La question de l'immigration et de l'intégration est étudiée dans cet article à partir de la comparaison des cas français et britannique. Néanmoins, les idées développées sont également significatives pour le reste du monde. Le processus de globalisation et ses ajustements structurels concomitants ont exacerbé des crises politiques et économiques dans les sociétés développées. Les arrivées en grand nombre de migrants s'opposent au message dominant dans la sphère politique et les médias, à savoir une image négative des minorités ethniques et le contrôle de l'immigration.

With a focus on refugees in Western Europe, this paper seeks to establish refugees in their country of exile/settlement as social types distinct from labour migrants. It looks at the notion of ethnic groups and their strategies as a theoretical tool for better understanding refugees. The refugees' positioning within the structure of conflict of their country of origin is posited as a determining factor of their modes of settlement. It is possible to find two large categories:1. Odyssean refugees: refugees who nurtured a collective project in the land of origin and took it with them in the land of exile.2. Rubicon refugees: refugees who did not partake in a collective project oriented toward the homeland or who have forsaken it.

Traditionally, the question of migration has been compartmentalized analytically between, on the one hand, the causes of international migration which in the main have been studied by economists and geographers and, on the other hand, the consequences of migration primarily on the receiving countries, which has mostly been an area of concern for sociologists, demographers and geographers who have looked into theories and processes of settlement/integration. The twain rarely met. As a consequence, for heuristic purposes a separation based on discipline, geographical areas and objects of study has taken place, an approach challenged recently by some scholars. This article brings together the threads of international migration in its causes and consequences affecting both sending and receiving countries as well as the migrants. The close interaction between causes and consequences is enhanced by the role of migrants themselves. Indeed, migrants are not only objects whose moves are deterministically conditioned by structural factors, they are social actors who formulate their own strategies and life projects within given settings and conflicts in their society of origin and society of reception, which they in turn contribute to modify.