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By examining the link between attitudes and actions by perpetrators of hate violence and interpretation of hate violence by its victims, this article demonstrates how interpretive analytic strategies can illuminate aspects of the microdynamics of hate crime violence that are difficult to understand with variable-centered analysis. Data on the relationship between perpetrator motive and actions are from semistructured interviews of female rank-and-file members of organized racist groups in the modern United States. Data on victim interpretations are from ethnographic case studies of victims and victim communities in various settings across the United States. Interpretive analyses of these data suggest new implications for formulating effective responses to hate violence.

In this essay in the special section Mobilization Forum: Awkward Movements, the aggressive communique & denigration of academia by a white supremacist activist establishes the theme of the risk that researchers face studying organized racism. Reflection on the inappropriateness of studying these groups using principles inquiry compares existing literature on issues of the assumption of commonality, scholarly stance toward groups as pathology, credibility of the groups, suspicions of surveillance, & the extension of group credibility through academic research. The increased vulnerabilities to government intrusion that subjects face by the very fact of being studied, & the potential for information to be used against them is identified as part of the consideration of boundaries and commonalities among social movements, even those that still seem awkward. J. Harwell

Examines women's role in contemporary racist movements & the impact of their growing membership on organized racism, drawing on observational, documentary, & interview data; in particular, unstructured life-history interviews were conducted with 34 female members, ages 16-90, of US racist groups in the mid-1990s to examine their level of racist identification & commitment. Familial, social, & operative roles of women are detailed. Tensions concomitant with the introduction of women into the racist movement are then discussed in terms of conflicts within racist groups & personal relationships. In this light, the problematic nature of gender inclusion in racist groups is evident. J. Zendejas