Acute effects of ambient ozone on mortality in Europe and North America: results from the APHENA study
In: Air quality, atmosphere and health: an international journal, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 445-453
ISSN: 1873-9326
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In: Air quality, atmosphere and health: an international journal, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 445-453
ISSN: 1873-9326
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ; The increasing number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies undertaken in recent decades has brought to light the need to harmonise procedures along all phases of the study, including sampling, data collection and analytical methods to allow data comparability. The first steps towards harmonisation are the identification and collation of HBM methodological information of existing studies and data gaps. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have been traditionally put at the top of the hierarchy of evidence, being increasingly applied to map available evidence on health risks linked to exposure to chemicals. However, these methods mainly capture peer-reviewed articles, failing to comprehensively identify other important, unpublished sources of information that are pivotal to gather a complete map of the produced evidence in the area of HBM. Within the framework of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) initiative-a project that joins 30 countries, 29 from Europe plus Israel, the European Environment Agency and the European Commission-a comprehensive work of data triangulation has been made to identify existing HBM studies and data gaps across countries within the consortium. The use of documentary analysis together with an up-to-date platform to fulfil this need and its implications for research and practice are discussed. ; HBM4EU has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 733032. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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The increasing number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies undertaken in recent decades has brought to light the need to harmonise procedures along all phases of the study, including sampling, data collection and analytical methods to allow data comparability. The first steps towards harmonisation are the identification and collation of HBM methodological information of existing studies and data gaps. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have been traditionally put at the top of the hierarchy of evidence, being increasingly applied to map available evidence on health risks linked to exposure to chemicals. However, these methods mainly capture peer-reviewed articles, failing to comprehensively identify other important, unpublished sources of information that are pivotal to gather a complete map of the produced evidence in the area of HBM. Within the framework of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) initiative-a project that joins 30 countries, 29 from Europe plus Israel, the European Environment Agency and the European Commission-a comprehensive work of data triangulation has been made to identify existing HBM studies and data gaps across countries within the consortium. The use of documentary analysis together with an up-to-date platform to fulfil this need and its implications for research and practice are discussed. ; HBM4EU has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 733032. ; Sí
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 18, Heft 7, S. 1202-1212
ISSN: 1614-7499
The different geographical contexts seen in European metropolitan areas are reflected in the uneven distribution of health risk factors for the population. Accumulating evidence on multiple health determinants point to the importance of individual, social, economic, physical and built environment features, which can be shaped by the local authorities. The complexity of measuring health, which at the same time underscores the level of intra-urban inequalities, calls for integrated and multidimensional approaches. The aim of this study is to analyse inequalities in health determinants and health outcomes across and within nine metropolitan areas: Athens, Barcelona, Berlin-Brandenburg, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Prague, Stockholm and Turin. We use the EURO-HEALTHY Population Health Index (PHI), a tool that measures health in two components: Health Determinants and Health Outcomes. The application of this tool revealed important inequalities between metropolitan areas: Better scores were found in Northern cities when compared with their Southern and Eastern counterparts in both components. The analysis of geographical patterns within metropolitan areas showed that there are intra-urban inequalities, and, in most cities, they appear to form spatial clusters. Identifying which urban areas are measurably worse off, in either Health Determinants or Health Outcomes, or both, provides a basis for redirecting local action and for ongoing comparisons with other metropolitan areas. ; This research was conducted under the EURO-HEALTHY project, which was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Grant Agreement No 643398, and received support from the Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the reference UID/GEO/04084/2013.
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In: PNAS nexus, Band 3, Heft 8
ISSN: 2752-6542
Abstract
The rising humid heat is regarded as a severe threat to human survivability, but the proper integration of humid heat into heat-health alerts is still being explored. Using state-of-the-art epidemiological and climatological datasets, we examined the association between multiple heat stress indicators (HSIs) and daily human mortality in 739 cities worldwide. Notable differences were observed in the long-term trends and timing of heat events detected by HSIs. Air temperature (Tair) predicts heat-related mortality well in cities with a robust negative Tair-relative humidity correlation (CT-RH). However, in cities with near-zero or weak positive CT-RH, HSIs considering humidity provide enhanced predictive power compared to Tair. Furthermore, the magnitude and timing of heat-related mortality measured by HSIs could differ largely from those associated with Tair in many cities. Our findings provide important insights into specific regions where humans are vulnerable to humid heat and can facilitate the further enhancement of heat-health alert systems.
In: Strak , M , Weinmayr , G , Rodopoulou , S , Chen , J , De Hoogh , K , Andersen , Z J , Atkinson , R , Bauwelinck , M , Bekkevold , T , Bellander , T , Boutron-Ruault , M C , Brandt , J , Cesaroni , G , Concin , H , Fecht , D , Forastiere , F , Gulliver , J , Hertel , O , Hoffmann , B , Hvidtfeldt , U A , Janssen , N A H , Jöckel , K H , Jørgensen , J T , Ketzel , M , Klompmaker , J O , Lager , A , Leander , K , Liu , S , Ljungman , P , Magnusson , P K E , Mehta , A J , Nagel , G , Oftedal , B , Pershagen , G , Peters , A , Raaschou-Nielsen , O , Renzi , M , Rizzuto , D , Van Der Schouw , Y T , Schramm , S , Severi , G , Sigsgaard , T , Sørensen , M , Stafoggia , M , Tjønneland , A , Monique Verschuren , W , Vienneau , D , Wolf , K , Katsouyanni , K , Brunekreef , B , Hoek , G & Samoli , E 2021 , ' Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project : Pooled analysis ' , The BMJ , vol. 374 , n1904 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1904
Objective To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines. Design Pooled analysis of eight cohorts. Setting Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries. Participants 325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon. Main outcome measures Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality. Results Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM 2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 μg/m 3 increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM 2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 μg/m 3 an increase of 5 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths. Conclusions Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
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In: Strak , M , Weinmayr , G , Rodopoulou , S , Chen , J , de Hoogh , K , Andersen , Z J , Atkinson , R , Bauwelinck , M , Bekkevold , T , Bellander , T , Boutron-Ruault , M-C , Brandt , J , Cesaroni , G , Concin , H , Fecht , D , Forastiere , F , Gulliver , J , Hertel , O , Hoffmann , B , Hvidtfeldt , U A , Janssen , N A H , Jockel , K-H , Jorgensen , J , Ketzel , M , Klompmaker , J , Lager , A , Leander , K , Liu , S , Ljungman , P , Magnusson , P K E , Mehta , A J , Nagel , G , Oftedal , B , Pershagen , G , Peters , A , Raaschou-Nielsen , O , Renzi , M , Rizzuto , D , Schouw , Y T V D , Schramm , S , Severi , G , Sigsgaard , T , Sørensen , M , Stafoggia , M , Tjonneland , A , Verschuren , W M M , Vienneau , D , Wolf , K , Katsouyanni , K , Brunekreef , B , Hoek , G & Samoli , E 2021 , ' Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project : pooled analysis ' , B M J , vol. 374 , 1904 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1904
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines. DESIGN Pooled analysis of eight cohorts. SETTING Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries. PARTICIPANTS 325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality. RESULTS Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 mu g/m(3) in PM2.5 was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 mu g/m(3) an increase of 5 mu g/m(3) in PM2.5 was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of eight cohorts. SETTING: Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality. RESULTS: Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM(2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 µg/m(3) in PM(2.5) was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 µg/m(3) increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM(2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 µg/m(3) an increase of 5 µg/m(3) in PM(2.5) was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
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In: Strak , M , Weinmayr , G , Rodopoulou , S , Chen , J , de Hoogh , K , Andersen , Z J , Atkinson , R , Bauwelinck , M , Bekkevold , T , Bellander , T , Boutron-Ruault , M-C , Brandt , J , Cesaroni , G , Concin , H , Fecht , D , Forastiere , F , Gulliver , J , Hertel , O , Hoffmann , B , Hvidtfeldt , U A , Janssen , N A H , Jöckel , K-H , Jørgensen , J T , Ketzel , M , Klompmaker , J O , Lager , A , Leander , K , Liu , S , Ljungman , P , Magnusson , P K E , Mehta , A J , Nagel , G , Oftedal , B , Pershagen , G , Peters , A , Raaschou-Nielsen , O , Renzi , M , Rizzuto , D , van der Schouw , Y T , Schramm , S , Severi , G , Sigsgaard , T , Sørensen , M , Stafoggia , M , Tjønneland , A , Verschuren , W M M , Vienneau , D , Wolf , K , Katsouyanni , K , Brunekreef , B , Hoek , G & Samoli , E 2021 , ' Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project : pooled analysis ' , BMJ (Clinical research ed.) , vol. 374 , n1904 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1904
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of eight cohorts. SETTING: Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality. RESULTS: Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 µg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 µg/m3 increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 µg/m3 an increase of 5 µg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
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