Suchergebnisse

Objective. With the growing number of older students attending college, one major issue concerning these nontraditional students is their overall low completion rates. We examine factors affecting nontraditional students' degree completion. Methods. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we examine the effects of student characteristics on the probability of finishing college with event history models. Results. Part-time enrollment significantly deters college completion, whereas the number of prior enrollments facilitates it. Being relatively young, having high cognitive ability, & a high-status occupational background also increase the chance of completion, but these effects partly differ by gender. On the other hand, being divorced & having young children, the factors often negatively associated with women's socioeconomic status, suppress degree completion for both genders. Conclusions. Based on these results, we discuss how higher educational institutions & employers might be able to help increase the rate of completion among nontraditional students. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Sweden has been long known for its early introduction of parental leave in the 1970s and the introduction of the first nontransferable "daddy month" in 1995 while the United Kingdom (UK) lagged behind with policies that reflected a strong male breadwinner model until the recent introduction of Additional Paternity Leave, which extended paternity leave up to twenty-six weeks. Our study examines parental leave decisions following the changes in policy, paying particular attention to the role of partners and workplaces. We draw on data from thirty-two interviews with Swedish parents conducted in 2008 and twenty-two interviews with British parents conducted in 2012. We find that mothers in both countries have great influence over parental leave decisions. However, this often perpetuates a much greater gendered division of parental leave in the UK than in Sweden. Furthermore, the British workplace continues to hold very different expectations for male and female employees regarding parental leave, while Swedish employers are generally accepting of men's use of long parental leave.

The effects of ethnicity, language use, & social capital of recent (ie, (less than or equal to) 5 years) & long-term immigrants & native-born persons with nonnative- (ie, second generation) & native-born parents on high school completion in the US are examined, given data from the US Dept of Education's multiwave panel study High School & Beyond, which interviewed a representative sample of high school students in 1980 & conducted follow-up interviews in 1982, 1984, & 1986. After regression analysis with a binary logit model of the 1980 & 1982 waves (N = approximately 27,000), it is found that ethnicity has little effect on the likelihood of dropping out in high school; (especially recent) immigrants are more likely to drop out than are native-born persons, regardless of parentage; bilinguals are less likely to drop out than monolinguals (English or other language); social capital (measured by presence of parents & parents' monitoring of schoolwork) is the most important factor predicting drop-out, reducing the effect of all other factors including socioeconomic status. 3 Tables, 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

While many elderly whites in the US live in nuclear families, elderly minorities are more likely to live in extended families. The prevalence of extended families among elderly minorities is often explained in terms of cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities. Using the 1990 US census, we examine family living arrangements and headship among elderly Asian Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Headship is included to distinguish the intergenerational relationship within families. Results show that elderly Asian Americans are more likely than elderly whites to live in extended families, either as a head or in the household of another family member. In addition, the effects of some economic and cultural factors are different for each racial group. We suggest that extended family living among elderly Asian Americans is a result of more than cultural preferences but also reflects their strategic adjustments in American society.

Abstract
Introduction
Recent research shows an increase in polyamory and acceptance of polyamorous relationships. However, there is still limited research on broader attitudes toward monogamy and polyamory, particularly regarding legal rights and with a national sample. This study examines the impact of cohort, sexual orientation, and contact with polyamorists on attitudes toward monogamy and polyamorous legal rights. This research has the potential to bring more attention to polyamorous relationships, disrupt heteronormative views of relationships, and consider legal rights for those in relationships involving more than two people.

Methods
We use data from a sample of 2665 adults from the 2021 American Marriage Survey, a national survey focused on attitudes toward marriage post-marriage equality, to consider the relationship between cohort, sexual orientation, contact, and attitudes toward mononormativity and polyamory.

Results
Overall, there is support for the idea that monogamy is the norm while people are generally not supportive of granting legal rights for polyamorous relationships. Younger cohorts, LGBQ individuals, and those who know a polyamorous person are less likely to support mononormativity and more likely to support legal rights for polyamorous relationships. Furthermore, contact has a stronger impact on attitudes of Millennials and LGBQ individuals.

Conclusion
While mononormativity remains the norm and polyamory is not widely supported, given patterns of greater acceptance among younger cohorts and LGBQ individuals, there is a good possibility that acceptance will increase over time.

Policy Implications
This research has the potential to bring more attention to polyamorous relationships, disrupt heteronormative views of relationships, and consider legal rights for those in relationships involving more than two people.

This paper examines the relationship between gender ideology and attitudes toward parental leave. We use data from two original survey experiments with a total analytic sample of 3332 respondents. Using an experimental design where participants evaluate a new parent's decision about taking parental leave in light of the employer's leave policies, and answer attitudinal questions about leave and gender ideology, we assess the associations between gender ideology and (a) desired weeks of parental leave for mothers and fathers, as well as (b) perceptions of whether the new parent described in the experiment took too little or too much leave. We find that participants think fathers should receive 10.5 weeks of paid paternity leave, whereas mothers should receive 16 weeks of paid maternity leave. In general, those with egalitarian gender ideals support longer paternity leave and more equal periods of leave for mothers and fathers—and are more likely to think that men workers take too little leave. However, those who support mothers as financial providers are more likely to think that women workers take too much leave, demonstrating the complexities between dimensions of gender ideology, the gender of the parent taking leave, and views of parental leave.